Current Issues of Employment and Labor Rights Protection in a Market Economy: Experience of Kazakhstan and Russia

The main issue faced by the labor market of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the mismatch
between the quality and professional-qualification structure of the workforce and the needs of
employers. This leads to a shortage of skilled workers despite the insufficient demand for labor, as
well as low labor mobility. In the context of economic transformations and changing employer
requirements, it is necessary to effectively regulate labor relations and create conditions for improving
workers' legal protection in order to overcome this imbalance and establish an effective system of
labor rights protection.
The objective of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the factors affecting the
functioning of the labor market in Kazakhstan and to identify effective regulatory mechanisms for
protecting workers' labor rights. It is also important to study the impact of socio-economic programs
aimed at improving the quality of life of the population, maintaining employment, and increasing
income on the labor market.
To achieve the research objectives, methods such as theoretical analysis of scientific sources
and legal acts regulating labor relations in Kazakhstan, empirical study of statistical data and practical
cases, comparative analysis of Kazakhstan's labor legislation with international practices, and
modeling the impact of socio-economic programs on the labor market and legal protection of workers
were used. These methods enabled a comprehensive examination of labor market issues and the
identification of effective ways to improve legal regulation and labor rights protection.
The study results revealed the need to enhance the interaction between government, private,
and educational institutions to improve labor market functioning and workers' legal protection. In
particular, it is important to strengthen the system of professional training and retraining of personnel
that meet market demands. Additionally, it is necessary to develop labor mobility by improving
conditions for retraining and upskilling workers.
Special attention is given to the development and improvement of domestic mechanisms for
protecting labor rights, including improving legal regulation to increase workers' legal protection from
violations such as unlawful dismissal or lack of proper working conditions.
The significance of these results lies in their contribution to solving issues related to the
mismatch between employers' needs and the qualifications of the workforce, improving employment
levels, and enhancing social stability. This also contributes to the better social protection of workers
and more equitable income distribution, which directly impacts Kazakhstan's economic stability and
development.