Consumer demand for functional foods in connection with the dynamic development of the trend of a healthy lifestyle increases from year to year. That is why the development of fundamentally new products with high nutritional and biological value, which heal and normalize the intestinal microflora, have a high antagonistic activity against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms is relevant now.

This article discusses the use of probiotic Clostat method of adding a dry mixture in the combined feed in its production. This probiotic has a high resistance to enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract of animals, antagonistic activity to pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. This probiotic normalizes the intestinal microflora, increases the resistance of farm animals. Probiotic Clostet improves the digestion process, which affects positively the transition of weaned piglets on self-catering.

This article describes the effect of pre- and probiotics on the condition of intestinal microflora for newborn calves. It has been established that in the intestines of calves, in addition to lactic and bifidobacteria, conditionally pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli, staphylococcus and streptococcus are contained. When taking pre- and probiotics in the experimental groups of animals, a decrease in the content of conditionally pathogenic microflora was observed with a dynamic increase in obligate, which indicates a positive effect on the formation of intestinal microbiocenosis during the milk period.

This article discusses the evaluation of the effectiveness of disinfectants «Dezosteril» and its derivatives and analogues in the fight against tuberculosis. The emergence of tuberculosis and its pathogens. Namely, «to Dezosteril» and its derivatives produced on the territory of «BO-NA» of Pavlodar city. The main attention is paid to the types and methods of disinfection. Resistance of microorganisms to chemical disinfectants based on peracetic acid (NUK) and hydrogen peroxide.

The proposed article presents theoretical studies of the treatment and prevention of intestinal infections of farm animals and birds. The relevance of the topic is due to the emergence and spread of infections resistant to antibiotics associated with the widespread use of antibiotics in clinical medicine, veterinary medicine and agriculture, which reduces the effectiveness of antibiotics in the fight against intestinal infectious diseases and their treatment

On the basis of research on bacteriological indicators of the water supply system in the Ekibastuz region for the period 2016-2018 the 310 cases of detection of pathogenic microflora were identified. The chemical indicators are given the results of research to determine the content of toxic elements and heavy metals in the source and purified water, as well as in the distribution network of Ekibastuz. The largest number of pathogenic microflora cases and a high concentration of chemical elements are noted during the flood season. Sporadic pathogenic microflora and chemical elements are also recorded in the winter and summer periods.

This article discusses the idea of developing a functional product that exhibits biologically active, bifidogenic properties and a strong antioxidant effect. The authors propose the formulation of sea buckthorn marmalade with the addition of immobilized probiotics. The jelly-fruit marmalade formulation is used as a control sample; apple puree is replaced with sea buckthorn concentrate, sugar and molasses with fructose. In experimental samples, various methods of introducing probiotics are used and their viability in the finished product is further evaluated. According to the organoleptic characteristics, the samples have a pleasant taste, smell, original color, gelatinous consistency. The best viability was shown by microorgan isms immobilized by incorporation into the gel.

The article is devoted to comprehensive research and development of the technology of cream supplements for the enrichment of processed cheese products. This article discusses the steady trend towards the use of dairy products with probiotic properties in the diet of modern people. The authors justify the requirements for the chemical composition and properties of a new type of processed cheese product: the mass fraction of dry processed cheese product must be at least 45 wt.%, the amount of probiotic microflora at least 107 CFU/g, to adjust the fatty acid composition of the product, the use of milk fat substitutes. As a result of the research, the composition and technological parameters of the production of a cream Supplement intended for enriching a new processed cheese product were determined. Skimmed milk powder concentrate with a mass fraction of dry substances (48.0±0.5) %was selected to increase protein (nitrogenous substances) in the nutrient medium for microorganisms. To activate the growth of bifidobacteria, the prebiotic No. 1 – lactulose was studied. The main content of the study is the analysis of the effect of increasing the amount of SOM concentrate on the chemical composition of the compositions of experimental products. The bacterial concentrates Bifilact-B and Bifilact-u were selected as the source of probiotic cultures. In fermented products, microbiological indicators were determined: the total number of lactic acid cultures and bifidobacteria. The article analyzes the dynamics of acidity of experimental products fermented with bifilact-B bacterial concentrate and bifilact-u bacterial concentrate. It was found that in experimental products with a high level of acid formation, the growth of bifidobacteria decreases, this is due to the fact that at low pH values, the growth of bifidobacteria slows down, and at a pH below 4.5 – stops. There was a significant increase in the number of bifidobacteria in the presence of a prebiotic – lactulose concentrate. The authors proved that the fermentation process with the formation of a clot in experimental products with bifilact-B bacterial concentrate is completed within 9-10 hours, taking into account the time of compaction of the consistency. In experimental products fermented with bifilact-U bacterial concentrate, the fermentation process ends within 7-8 hours, that is, by (2.0±0.5) hours faster.

Main problem: Technogenic "metamorphosis" of vegetation near such large industrial facilities as Pavlodar is considered to be the result of various active chemical and mechanical factors provoked by economic activities associated with the influence of emissions from industrial companies. The effect of anthropogenic impacts on vegetation in all regions of Kazakhstan varies and is largely dependent on the economic development of the territory, but in any case, the end result of this impact is the change in the vegetation, causing violations of with structure, reduced vodorazdelnaya flora and productivity of communities. This, in turn, can cause infection of herbaceous plants with pathogenic fungi, which then carry with them: a decrease in the intensity of plant growth, a deterioration in their decorative qualities, a decrease in the survival of the biological species. Purpose: to study the types of fungi-pathogens of phytopathogenic diseases and to determine the degree of modification of the plant component, which is under intense negative technogenic influence from the Aksu Ferroalloy Plant (AFР). Мethods: For the experimental study, species of plants such as: Artemisia dracunculus L; Artemesia vulgaris L; Atriplex fera L; Atriplex patula L; Artemisia annua L were selected for the content of fungipathogens of phytopathogenic diseases. Results and their significance: This experimental study was aimed at the presence of fungi-pathogens of herbaceous plants as a result of human impact, occurring near the industrial zone "AFР". The composition of fungi-pathogens of herbaceous plants collected in this industrial zone was considered and studied. According to the results of an experimental laboratory study, phytopathogenic fungi of herbaceous plants belonging to 1 ordo, 1 familia, and 4 species were found.

The main task of microbiological study of pulmonary patients is to identify the etiology of acute and exacerbation of chronic disease in order to determine therapy and control its effectiveness. Classical methods of microbiological research consist in isolating a pure culture of the causative agent of the disease with its identification by biochemical, antigenic and other characteristics. Such studies are multistage; they impose rather strict requirements on the quality of the source material, the timing and conditions of its transportation, laboratory equipment and the precise execution of the research methodology for at least 3-5 days. Isolation of the culture of a number of pathogens (atypical intracellular microflora, anaerobic bacteria, mycobacterium tuberculosis) requires even more lengthy studies using special media and equipment. This article presents the results of a bacteriological study of pathogenic microflora in diseases of the respiratory system of the population of the Shcherbakty district of Pavlodar region for 2017-2019, including the following sequence: microscopy of native and Gram stained smears; inoculation of biological material on nutrient media for isolation and identification of the pathogen; determination of the sensitivity of the isolated microorganism to antibiotics; immunological (serological) research methods aimed at determining antigens of microbiological origin, as well as antibodies to them in the patient's body. It has been shown that conducting bacteriological studies in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents allows obtaining reliable and comparable results necessary both for the optimal treatment of patients and for collecting and analyzing data on monitoring the emergence and spread of diseases of the respiratory system caused by pathogenic microflora.

Fruits and vegetables are most often consumed without being thoroughly processed before consumption. Some plant foods are vacuum-packed to ensure long shelf life as well as preserving the quality and safety of the product. Fruits and vegetables carry naturally occurring non-pathogenic epiphytic microflora on their surfaces. During growth, harvesting, transport and further handling they can be repeatedly contaminated by pathogens from human or animal sources. Fresh fruit crops have been implicated in a number of documented foodborne disease outbreaks. Outbreaks of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses and parasites have been epidemiologically linked to the consumption of a wide range of fruits and vegetables. The aim of our study is to assess the risk of contamination in fruit and berry crops and how to address this long-standing problem, namely, contamination of fruit and vegetables with unnatural pathogenic microflora. The following fruit and berry crops common in Turkestan region were chosen for the experiment: Apple variety Suislepskoe (stolovka) , peach variety Nectarine and grape variety Kishmish. Bacteriological inoculation was carried out by membrane filtration of used sterile water to obtain flushes from the surface of fruit crops. All work was carried out under full aseptic conditions. The utensils, water and other equipment used in the work were sterilised in advance. The data obtained during the experiment shows that there is a potential for widespread contamination of uncharacteristic microflora of plant products. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that there are yeasts and acetic acid bacteria on the surface of all three samples of fruit and berry crops, which can be universally contaminated food and are not the natural microflora for the above mentioned crops. Specifically, fruits and vegetables can be contaminated with various bacterial pathogens, including Salmonella, Shigella, E. Coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter.

Main problem: Microbial-plant relationships, including epiphytic microflora, are the subject of attention of many scientists. Numerous works confirm the high interest of researchers and the relevance of studying this topic. Despite many years of research, some questions concerning the characteristics of the epiphytic microflora still remain open. It is already a well-known fact that the epiphytic microflora is directly related to the physiological development of the plant, including yield. This is due to the close interaction of the plant with the microorganisms living on its surface throughout the entire growing season. It is also proved that epiphytic microflora has the ability to change characteristics under the influence of environmental factors (temperature, humidity, soil contamination, sunlight, etc.). In this regard, the study of this topic is one of the important areas of biological and agricultural sciences and is of high importance. It should be noted that a significant role in the development of agriculture in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Pavlodar region is played by representatives of vegetable crops, including tomatoes and potatoes belonging to the Solanaceae family, which indicates the high importance of the plants selected for the study. The combination of the above arguments determines the need to study the epiphytic microflora of plants and establish the regularities of its influence on the adaptive properties of the studied plants of the Solanaceae family, as well as on their productivity. In turn, the study of epiphytic microflora can also contribute to the search for new ways to increase the yield of plants and their resistance to various diseases. Purpose: The article is devoted to the study of the properties and characteristics of the epiphytic microflora of the surface of various organs of plants of the Solanaceae family (on the example of tomato and potato). The variability of the composition and number of epiphytic microorganisms in seasonal dynamics is shown. Methods: bacterioscopic method, fingerprint method, flushing method, Gram staining method. Results and their significance: The characteristics and properties of representatives of epiphytic microorganisms of aboveground (leaf, fruit, flower) and underground (potato fruit) plant organs were studied. The role of the influence of environmental factors on the variability of epiphytic microflora is determined on the example of plants Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (common tomato) and Solanum tuberosum L. (tuberous nightshade). The differences in the microflora of different plant organs in different periods of vegetation are shown.

This article discusses the current data on the biochemical properties of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus and their use in industry, particularly in dairy production and biotechnology. Microorganisms of the genus Lactobacillus have antagonistic activity against pathogenic microorganisms and perform an immunomodulatory function. The positive effect of lactobacilli on human health explains their active use in probiotics. The positive effects of normal intestinal microflora and probiotics are mainly due to bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. In probiotic therapy, various types of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus are used, such as: L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, L. fermentum, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, L. casei, L. paracasei. In recent years, the biotechnology of probiotics has been intensively developing - drugs used for the correction and prevention of microecological disorders in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. An urgent issue is obtaining new data on the biological properties of lactobacilli, creating new probiotic preparations based on them using modified approaches to cultivation. The results of determining the species L. acidophilus L. casei, L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei, obtained by the classical biochemical identification method based on saccharolytic activity, complicating species identification, are comparable to the molecular genetic method. In the case of L. casei, L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei, it is necessary to carry out modern identification methods based on the polymerase chain reaction, since their biochemical properties are similar, which makes it difficult to carry out species identification. The molecular genetic method is a valuable addition to the intergeneric and species identification of lactobacilli, given the variability of the classical biochemical method.

The article is devoted to the development of a technology for obtaining organic fertilizers from poultry waste based on biocatalytic processes. Currently, many poultry farms have become sources of environmental pollution, thereby causing serious environmental problems and economic and social damage. The problem of reliable protection of the natural environment from pollution by bird droppings is currently relevant. In the area of operation of large poultry farms, air pollution by microorganisms, dust, foul-smelling organic compounds, which are decomposition products of organic waste, as well as nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon oxides, is possible. Bird droppings contain acids, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, heavy metals. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium changes dramatically depending on the quantity and quality of the feed. Humic substances isolated from brown coal have a sufficiently high sorption activity and are used as cheap sorbents for solving a number of environmental problems in industry. These studies are aimed at minimizing the main disadvantage of the anaerobic digestion process, the low reaction rate, which leads to the need to create large-volume bioreactors. On the basis of the research carried out, a technology has been developed for obtaining organic fertilizers from poultry waste by the method of anaerobic fermentation of chicken manure with humidity at a temperature of 27 °C - 50 °C with the addition of sodium humate. The resulting fertilizer is intended for use in agricultural production, horticulture, floriculture, forestry, municipalities, in household plots in order to increase the yield and quality of crop production. For the developed technology, an application has been submitted for obtaining a Patent for the invention of the Republic of Kazakhstan «Method for producing organic fertilizers» (priority No. 2021-22818, dated July 13, 2021). The invention allows to significantly reduce the time of fermentation, to enrich the product with organic and mineral products contained in sodium humate, to convert the salts of heavy metals into an insoluble state, to improve the environmental friendliness of the method.

Main problem: The unfavorable conditions in which a significant part of the population of our country lives (living in conditions of harmful, stressful, physical, chemical and radiation effects), an imbalance in nutrition dictate the need to create a variety of functional products enriched with pro– and prebiotic factors. In the science of nutrition, a functional direction has been developed - this is nutrition, which provides for the consumption of such products of natural origin, which, when used daily, have a regulating effect on the body as a whole, its certain systems, organs, providing a drug-free positive correction of their function. Compared with traditional types of dairy products with high organoleptic and commodity characteristics, produced on the basis of classical technological techniques, dairy products of the new generation should have increased nutritional and biological value. The article is devoted to the research and development of the technology of a new cottage cheese product - cottage cheese paste produced with the addition of lactulose concentrate and fruit and berry fillers. This article discusses the steady trend towards the use of fermented milk products with functional properties in the diet of modern humans. Purpose: Study and development of technology of thermized cottage cheese paste enriched with prebiotic lactulose and fruit and berry fillers. Methods: Analysis and generalization of theoretical information, organoleptic evaluation, physicochemical methods of analysis, microbiological methods of evaluation of cottage cheese paste, quality control of the finished product. Results and their significance: The positive role of prebiotic substances in the vital activity of the macroorganism was studied. It is not for nothing that academician Andrei Georgievich Khramtsov once called lactulose "a miracle made of milk." Lactulose, being a strong bifidogenic factor, allows stabilizing the microflora of the stomach. Lactulose activates the growth of bifidobacteria, which take root well in the intestine and ferment lactulose to form lactic acid. Lactic acid suppresses the development of pathogenic and putrefactive bacteria. As a result of the conducted studies, it was determined that the cottage cheese paste enriched with lactulose had high quality indicators and retained its consumer properties during the entire storage period. The introduction of lactulose into the recipe of cottage cheese paste does not reduce the nutritional advantages of the finished product.

The variety of species and forms of parasites of agricultural animals and the features of their life cycles are the basic foundation for the production of different types and medical forms of antiparasite medicine. In the treatment of the parasitic diseases of agricultural animals, one of the main factors is that the veterinary doctors have the knowledge on the mechanics, efficiency and the safety for humans and environment of the medicine being used. Taking into account high pathogenicity and resistance of parasitic organisms and their ability to adapt to effect of medicine, it is crucial to permanently monitor the efficiency of the applied anthelmintic drugs, including the new drugs offered by veterinary services. This article will describe the results of the research on pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters of «Ivermectinum», «Ivermec», «Aversect-1», «Аvrsect-2», «Аivin» drugs and their methods of application with the consideration of terms of maintenance and immune status of cattle herds in Mayconyr village (Irtysh district, Pavlodar region). A comparative analysis of efficiency of the above mentioned drugs in dehelmintization and treatment of cattle was conducted with the results provided. The recommendations and the restrictions on use of the drugs were determined considering the farm condition. The experimental research of the aforementioned broad-spectrum drugs was conducted strictly following the rules of asepsis and instructions on application. The total number of replacement heifers subjected to the dehelmintization under the method of analogues is 150 units. Anthelmintic treatment was conducted two times a year - in springtime (March-April) before pasturage, and fall time (September-October) before confining the cattle in the stable. Coprological study on intestinal helminthes of the examined cattle was conducted in Irtysh RVL of the Pavlodar regional branch of RVE RVL VCaSC MA RK by ovoscopical, flotation and larvoscopical methods. There is a comparative analysis on the efficiency of avermectin group antiparasitic drugs applied twice a year for cattle dehelmintization. The recommendations on the use of the aforementioned drugs for dehelmentization and prevention of parasitic diseases are provided and the requirements for the use were determined.

The production of vaccine preparations before release requires standardization of their immunobiological parameters, especially safety and immunogenic efficacy. An indicator of the immunogenic effectiveness of the lumpy skin disease vaccine is the resistance of vaccinated cattle against the virulent virus. However, according to preliminary studies, the virulent control virus did not always cause clinical disease with characteristic symptoms when infected subcutaneously. The purpose is to develop a biological model in the form of a complex consisting of a pathogenic virus, a method of infection and a susceptible animal to assess the immunogenicity of a lumpy skin disease vaccine. Local cattle, intact from lumpy dermatitis, were used to reproduce lumpy dermatitis and develop the causative agent of the disease. As the initial infectious virus, we used a 20 % tissue suspension of nodules (skin nodules) obtained from cattle that fell ill with lumpy dermatitis in the field in the Atyrau region in 2016. As a viral mass to control immunogenicity, a 20 % suspension of skin nodules and edematous skin tissue at the site of the pathogen injection, obtained after the “refreshment” of the virus in animals, were used. The disease was reproduced by infection with the test suspension of the virus intradermally, subcutaneously, intravenously at a dose of 0.5 cm3 and titration on the skin of the animal. The effectiveness of the biological model was assessed by morbidity, severity of the course and severity of the manifestation of the disease. During primary intradermal infection with a field isolate of the virus, the disease manifested itself in one of three animals in the form of hyperthermia, depression, lacrimation, and the appearance of several nodular nodules in the skin of animals. The refreshed tissue virus caused clinical disease both in subcutaneous, intradermal and intravenous infection. But the clinical signs of the disease were more pronounced with intradermal inoculation of the virus, and with intravenous inoculation, it manifested itself in a more severe form with a fatal outcome. Inoculation of the virus intradermally into different areas of the skin led to the development of an independent skin lesion in each infected point in the form of painful edema, followed by necrosis, the size and intensity of which depended on the dose of the injected virus. This development of skin pathology made it possible to work out a method for determining the virus titer in vivo. The tissue virus obtained from the edematous tissue at the site of the pathogen injection was guaranteed to cause clinical disease in cattle during intradermal inoculation and made it possible to evaluate the immunogenic efficacy of the produced batches of vaccine against lumpy dermatitis.

Main problem: the article is devoted to the issue of designing basic recipes for dairy products using mathematical modeling methods. The author analyzed the problems in the field of food technology and concluded that mathematical modeling is used in the following areas: clarification of technological process modes, designing recipes and assessing the quality of finished products, as well as predicting the shelf life of new products when they are put into production. The use of dihydroquercetin as a drug that prevents the oxidation of milk fat in the design of dairy products is substantiated. Mathematical modeling was carried out on the basis of experimental and analytical material obtained in laboratory and production conditions. Based on the maximum value of the objective functions, the optimal normalized mixtures and the maximum allowable concentration of dihydroquercetin were selected. The analysis of the received mathematical dependences and models is carried out, the system of linear equations is made. Purpose: to study the effect of natural bioflavonoid antioxidant on the oxidative processes of milk fat and the viability of lactic acid cultures and their associations by mathematical modeling in order to use it in the technology of a new product; conduct an analysis of mathematical dependencies and models, compose a system of linear equations. Methods: the article uses the method of mathematical analysis and the matrix method. Results and their significance: a mathematical model was developed for the dependence of the viability of probiotic cultures on the mass fraction of dihydroquercetin when designing recipes for a creamy-protein curd product, a matrix of the chemical composition of dairy ingredients was presented, and a system of linear equations for basic recipes was compiled. In the course of the study, the spatial configurations of dihydroquercetin, as well as its effect on the oxidative processes of milk fat, were studied. Mathematical modeling of experimental data on the study of the effect of dihydroquercetin on the viability of microorganisms with probiotic properties was carried out. The normalization of the complex of obtained results on the study of the influence of the mass fraction of dihydroquercetin on the fermentation process was studied. Controlled factors characterizing the process of fermentation of model media with dihydroquercetin have been determined. A rationing of the dihydroquercetin complex of more than 0.50% was established; the target function decreases to its minimum value of 0.53 with a mass fraction of dihydroquercetin of 1.00%.