Annotation: The article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of attracting investments from international financial institutions (IFIs) into the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study aims to investigate and disclose these theoretical and methodological frameworks, as well as to analyze the operational strategies of IFIs. The research methodology includes a systemic-institutional approach, a comparative analysis of investment strategies, and the method of structural modeling. The paper reveals the essence of international financial institutions as an instrument of global investment interaction, analyzing their investment strategies and impact on macroeconomic processes. Particular attention is paid to the interaction models between the state and IFIs in the implementation of joint investment projects. It is substantiated that the participation of international financial institutions contributes not only to the mobilization of long-term financial resources but also to the formation of an institutional environment focused on sustainable development, mitigating investment risks, and enhancing the country's investment attractiveness. The author concludes that Kazakhstan's cooperation with international financial institutions is of strategic importance in the context of the global financial architecture transformation and strengthening regional integration.

Annotation: For the Republic of Kazakhstan, issues of environmental sustainability and rational use of natural resources remain among the important areas of development. The main problems include the high resource intensity of the economy, degradation of land resources, water scarcity, and the insufficient level of socio-economic development of rural territories. Under these conditions, the transition to the principles of a green economy focused on sustainable development and improving the quality of life of the population becomes increasingly important. The purpose of the study is to examine the development of the green economy in the Republic of Kazakhstan and its importance for the sustainable development of rural territories. The study considers the main directions of state environmental policy, the condition of the agricultural sector, and the implementation of environmentally oriented technologies in rural areas. The methodological basis of the research includes comparative, systemic, and statistical analysis methods, as well as methods of generalizing scientific literature and regulatory documents of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of environmental and agricultural policy. The study revealed that the development of a green economy contributes to the rational use of natural resources, improvement of energy efficiency, implementation of renewable energy sources, and modernization of agriculture. It was established that the greening of the agricultural sector, the development of organic production, and the implementation of resource-saving technologies positively affect the sustainability of rural territories, employment levels, and environmental safety of the regions

Annotation: Main problem: This article is for to the divulgation of ideas and projects implemented (or proposed) in the circular economy. The topic covered is the collection and recycling of waste produced by citizens and small businesses. It is a «CASE STUDY» of concrete projects that have been designed using the method of «possibilist economics», i.e. that new branch of Development Economics devised by A.O. Hirschman (USA) and developed by Luca Meldolesi (EUROPE) with his Italian working group (a group of which I have been an active member since 1986). During the years I spent working as a business economist, I adapted and increased the analysis and operational tools of the possibilist method to the subject of business development and creation, expanding the method with some new operational tools derived from my practical work and the analysis of the different realities in which I worked. This adaptation of ‘possibilism’ to business economics has been particularly useful in helping me find ‘possible’ solutions to complex problems in disadvantaged social and economic contexts. Purpose: The goal of this study is to give a concrete example of how the possibilist method is useful to create work and business in any field of economy. Methods: The article analyses a project of the author and its results. Results and their significance: This adaptation of «possibilism in economy» to business economics is a demonstration of the useful to helping economist to find «possible» solutions to complex problems in disadvantaged social and economic contexts.

Annotation: This study proposes an innovative model of collaboration – the «Fast Track» project – which has no existing analogues in Kazakhstan. The project is designed to enable 11th-grade students to undertake first-year university courses in Mathematics 1, Mathematics 2, and English at an early stage, with subsequent credit recognition upon admission to the higher education institution implementing the program. The aim of this research is to analyze the mechanisms for implementing the «Fast Track» project and to evaluate its effectiveness in improving the quality of student preparation. The project itself is implemented through the redistribution of already existing parental educational expenditures. The empirical basis of the study includes the results of surveys conducted among 10th–11th grade students of a regional multidisciplinary boarding lyceum for gifted children, as well as interviews with the lyceum director and heads of career guidance departments at higher education institutions – Innovative Eurasian University and Toraighyrov University – along with financial and economic indicators related to the implementation of the «Fast Track» project. A comprehensive evaluation of the project’s effectiveness was carried out using economic and managerial analysis methods. In particular, the project’s investment attractiveness and sustainability were assessed using the net present value (NPV) indicator, which makes it possible to determine the long-term economic feasibility of its implementation. In addition, a sensitivity analysis of key project parameters was conducted to identify the factors exerting the greatest influence on its financial outcomes.

Annotation: The rapid development of digital technologies has significantly increased the importance of ensuring data security. In this context, the study of the interaction between cryptography and artificial intelligence has become one of the most relevant research areas. This article examines the opportunities, risks, and future prospects of applying artificial intelligence technologies in cryptographic systems. The main objective of the study is to perform a comparative analysis of the efficiency of traditional cryptographic algorithms and algorithms optimized using artificial intelligence techniques. The research is based on experimental modeling, during which the encryption time for different data volumes was measured. The obtained results demonstrate that AI-optimized algorithms provide higher performance compared to traditional methods. In addition, artificial intelligence can automate the process of identifying vulnerabilities in cryptographic systems and improve the adaptability of security mechanisms. The findings indicate that the integration of cryptography and artificial intelligence has significant potential for enhancing modern information security systems.

Annotation: Today, access control systems that rely only on passwords and PIN codes can no longer keep up with growing security requirements. These traditional methods are easy to steal, guess, or share with someone else, which turns them into the weakest link in the protection chain. In this context, solutions that use biometrics and can also “understand” user behavior, rather than just verify entered data, are becoming especially relevant. This study develops a software system that makes decisions not only based on a person’s biometric features, but also on how they behave when trying to log in. The aim is to obtain a tool that can detect suspicious activity in time and automatically strengthen access restrictions when necessary. As a technical foundation, computer vision and deep learning methods are used to recognize faces in a video stream. In addition, a behavioral analysis module is implemented that tracks the sequence and frequency of login attempts, as well as the time and context of access. The system is structured into several interconnected modules: face recognition, time- and zone-based access verification, and risk level assessment. The prototype shows that combining biometric and behavioral features can significantly improve the quality of access control. When the number of errors or atypical actions exceeds a predefined threshold, the system automatically blocks the user and triggers an alarm scenario. In this way, the probability of unauthorized access is reduced, while part of the routine work of the security administrator is offloaded to the system itself. The scientific novelty of the proposed approach lies in integrating face recognition and behavioral analysis not as two separate layers of protection, but as components of a single decision-making architecture. This makes it possible to consider both the user’s biometric characteristics and the context of their actions-such as time, location, and patterns of failed attemptssimultaneously when deciding whether to grant access. Compared to classical single-factor solutions, such an integrated approach forms a more flexible and intelligent security perimeter

Annotation: In arid regions, food security is constrained by land degradation, unstable water resources, and localized environmental pollution, which reduce the resilience of agri-food systems and negatively affect product quality and processing potential. The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of environmental factors on food security in the Zhambyl region and to substantiate the role of food technologies in improving product quality and safety. The study applies a systems approach, comparative geographical analysis, and environmental monitoring data on soils, air, and surface waters for 2023-2024, followed by scientific interpretation of the results. Land degradation, including humus decline and deflation processes, is identified as the main limiting factor for agricultural productivity. Heavy metal concentrations in soils remain within permissible limits. Air quality is generally characterized by low pollution levels, although local exceedances of maximum allowable concentrations are observed. Surface water quality shows a positive trend with no cases of extreme pollution. The findings emphasize the importance of implementing resource-efficient and treatment technologies and can be used in developing regional food security policies.

Annotation: The key problem of law enforcement in the qualification of violent crimes against personality is the vagueness of the criteria for differentiating torture (infliction of agony) from related offenses: systematic battery (beatings) and intentional infliction of light or medium harm to health. Changes in criminal legislation aimed at decriminilizing or re-criminalizing domestic violence have created legal conflicts. In practice, investigative bodies often substitute the article «Torture», which is difficult to prove, with simpler charges (battery), ignoring the systemic nature of the victim's mental and physical suffering. Conversely, one-time conflicts involving harm to health are erroneously interpreted as torture, leading to a violation of the principle of fairness of punishment. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive legal analysis of the disposition of the article «Torture», identification of the material and psychological criteria for its separation from battery and harm to health, and the development of clear methodical guidelines for judicial and investigative bodies on the qualification of systematic violence. The study utilizes the formal-dogmatic method (analysis of criminal law), the comparativelegal method, a systemic-structural approach, and content analysis of judicial practice materials and the findings of forensic medical and psychological examinations. The study proves that the key marker of torture is not just the frequency of actions, but a specific purpose – the infliction of deep mental suffering and establishing control over the victim. An author's algorithm for calculating «systematicity» is proposed. The necessity of mandatory forensic psychological examination to record moral damage in cases of torture is substantiated. The practical significance lies in developing recommendations that minimize investigative errors and enhance the legal protection of domestic violence victims.

Annotation: The key problem in the qualification of crimes against life is the systemic complexity of differentiating murder committed in a state of affect (temporary insanity/passion) from intentional murder (including those motivated by revenge or committed during an altercation). In practice, the boundary between sudden intense mental agitation (physiological affect) and ordinary emotional excitement or planned intent often remains blurred. Mistakes by investigators and courts in assessing the duration of the psychotraumatic situation and the trigger actions of the victim lead either to unjustifiably harsh punishment for individuals acting in a state of affect, or, conversely, to the unwarranted mitigation of liability for intentional crimes. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive legal, psychological, and forensic analysis of the criteria for affected murder, identification of defects in judicial and investigative practice during its separation from related offenses, and the development of scientifically grounded recommendations for improving normative criteria for assessing sudden intense mental agitation. The study utilizes formal-dogmatic (normative), comparative-legal, and systemic-structural methods, along with a comprehensive analysis of judicial practice materials and the findings of forensic psychiatric and psychological examinations. The analysis revealed that courts often ignore the phenomenon of "cumulative affect" (aggression accumulated due to prolonged domestic violence), erroneously interpreting such actions as premeditated. The necessity of mandatory appointment of a comprehensive forensic psychological and psychiatric examination in all cases where the defendant claims disorientation of consciousness is substantiated. The practical significance lies in minimizing judicial errors in the qualification of violent crimes against life.

Annotation: The development of platform employment and the introduction of algorithmic management lead to the destruction of the traditional legal status of the worker. Platforms position themselves as information intermediaries, classifying performers as independent contractors, which causes mass precarization of labor, deprivation of social guarantees, and a legal vacuum in protecting citizens' rights. Theoretical and legal analysis of the transformation of the status of platform employment subjects and the development of conceptual recommendations for modernizing the labor legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, taking into account the best practices of the European Union. The study applied a comprehensive methodological approach, including dialectical, systemic, formal-legal, and comparative-legal methods. The empirical base consisted of international acts, including EU Directive 2024/2831, ILO, and UN documents. It has been proven that the civil law model of regulating platform employment prevailing in Kazakhstan does not reflect the power asymmetry of relations and legalizes fictitious selfemployment. It has been established that algorithmic management is a new form of hidden employer control. The critical need to abandon the rigid "worker-independent contractor" dichotomy is substantiated. The implementation of the European model into the Labor Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan is proposed: the legislative consolidation of a rebuttable presumption of an employment relationship for platform workers and the introduction of strict norms of algorithmic transparency. These measures will ensure a balance between digital innovations and the protection of the right to decent work.