Annotation: The imbalance in the development of rural areas, manifested in the outflow of population, declining living standards, insufficient infrastructure and weak support from the state, hinders the sustainable socio-economic growth of the regions. To determine effective mechanisms of state regulation that promote the sustainable development of rural areas, taking into account the social, economic and environmental components. The study is based on system and comparative analysis, statistical modeling, as well as an analysis of the regulatory framework in the field of rural policy. The main barriers to the sustainable development of rural areas are identified and areas for improving state regulation are proposed, including measures to stimulate the agricultural sector, improve social infrastructure and create sustainable employment. The results allow us to formulate a comprehensive approach to managing the development of rural regions. The findings and recommendations can be used by government agencies and local governments in the formation of rural development programs, as well as in the framework of designing sustainable territorial planning strategies at the regional level.

Annotation: Although Kazakhstan increases the area under soybean cultivation annually, its production remains challenging in the northern and eastern regions due to the limited number of varieties adapted to climatic conditions. Traditional methods of selecting parental forms for the creation of new ultraearly and early soybean varieties require significant time and resource investments, so modern breeding technologies are aimed at increasing the accuracy and efficiency of hybridization. In the context of agricultural intensification and the need to adapt soybean varieties to specific agroecological conditions, cluster analysis has proven to be an effective tool for evaluating and selecting varietal material. Its application made it possible not only to structure the studied soybean accessions by economically important traits, but also to identify the most promising forms for subsequent use in breeding programs. The article presents the results of a study of 102 collection soybean accessions of various ecological and geographical origins, evaluated by the main economically important traits in order to define criteria for selecting sources and donors for breeding for high productivity, early maturity, and high biochemical performance, using cluster analysis via Ward’s method with the Statistica v.13 software. To conduct a cluster analysis of 102 collection soybean accessions for systematization based on economically important traits and to identify genetically promising parental forms to improve the efficiency of the breeding process and accelerate the development of new varieties adapted to the conditions of the northern and eastern regions of Kazakhstan. The study was conducted using the hierarchical clustering method based on Ward’s method. Statistical analysis was carried out using Statistica v.13. As a result of studying 102 collection soybean accessions using cluster analysis, five clusters were identified that differed in sets of economically important traits. From the first cluster, four accessions were identified as sources and donors of high yield and high protein content in seeds. From the second cluster, six accessions were identified as sources and donors of early maturity, and five as sources of high protein content. From the third cluster, four early maturing accessions, three highyielding accessions, five with high protein content, and three with high fat content were identified. From the fourth cluster, three accessions were identified by yield level, two by 1000 seed weight, two by protein content, and four by pod insertion height. In the fifth cluster, seven soybean accessions stood out for yield and three for pod insertion height. Cluster analysis has proven its effectiveness as a digital breeding tool, facilitating the accelerated development of adapted soybean varieties and the expansion of soybean cultivation in Kazakhstan.

Annotation: In the context of a rapidly growing elderly population, one of the key priorities is the development of specialized food products that support health maintenance, prevent age-related diseases, and provide physiologically adequate nutrition. The aim of this study was to develop a gerodietetic meat semi-finished product technology using plant-based ingredients-bulgur flour and zucchini-known for their high nutritional and biological value. Three formulation variants were developed, differing in the percentage ratio of animal and plant-based raw materials. The samples were evaluated by sensory analysis using a scoring system (appearance, color, smell, taste, texture) and by determining the chemical composition of the optimal variant. The results showed that the inclusion of plant ingredients improves the sensory qualities of the product, reduces fat content, and increases the levels of dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals. The best performance was observed in sample No. 2, containing approximately 20 % plant additives. The proposed formulation offers an optimal balance of sensory and nutritional properties, making it suitable for implementation in the production of gerodietetic meat products. Given its balanced composition and high consumer appeal, it is also appropriate for use in institutional catering systems and in the production of functional foods targeted at elderly nutrition.

Annotation: Over the past decades, efforts have been made to develop irrigation and pasture infrastructure across significant areas of seasonal pastures within the state land fund of the Republic of Kazakhstan. However, the current level of fodder base development remains insufficient to fully meet the needs of the livestock sector, thereby limiting the growth potential of agricultural production. A key strategy for intensifying pasture management lies in the efficient use of pasture and fodder resources through the implementation of rotational grazing systems that prevent land degradation. Within the framework of the Agro-Industrial Complex Development Concept, a central objective is the restoration and preservation of the productivity of agricultural landscapes, many of which are affected by various forms of land degradation. Currently, the region is experiencing a decline in both the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of agricultural land, including a 6-27 % decrease in humus content on irrigated lands, wind erosion across 2.4 million hectares of farmland, and an increase of 1.4 million hectares in degraded pasture areas. These processes have led to substantial income losses among agricultural producers, largely due to water scarcity and the deterioration of agricultural landscapesincluding irrigated lands, hayfields, and pastures. Consequently, the region is facing growing socioeconomic tensions, marked by declining rural living standards and reduced volumes of agricultural output.

Annotation: Main problem: the most key issue of Kazakhstan is its unpreparedness for the latest technologies. The introduction of artificial intelligence in medicine in Kazakhstan, which has both positive and negative sides, falls into this category. To start working with them, it is necessary to determine the attitude of citizens to them, especially if it concerns social activities. The work has social and scientific significance. The work highlights the main positive aspects of reducing the workload in the workplace, as well as the positive results of the active use of artificial intelligence in other countries. Methods: Three methods were used for detailed analysis: interviews, content analysis and survey. All methods of obtaining information were used in further analyzing the problem and identifying the results. Purpose: the main objective of the study is to find the existing practices for using AI in Kazakhstan. Moreover, the possible opportunities to develop AI implementation in medicine and how it can upgrade internal procedures in the medical field. Results and their significance: At the end of the article, it is clearly seen that more and more people are exposed to AI technology on a daily basis, but its implementation in Kazakhstan remains relatively low, indicating that Kazakhstan is lagging behind other countries and that people are unaware of all the advantages of AI. It can also be noted that the introduction of AI in medicine can help remote areas in transmitting patient data.

Annotation: Main problem: Plastic pollution from single-use plastics causes threats to human health, biodiversity, and ecosystems worldwide. This study explores alternatives to plastic to reduce environmental pollution in Ust-Kamenogorsk (Oskemen), Kazakhstan. Methods: We used a mixed-methods approach: a survey (~150 respondents) to quantify daily plastic use, focus groups (5 students) to discuss usage patterns and alternatives, and semi-structured expert interviews (2 experts) to examine waste challenges. Results and their significance: The survey revealed that plastic packaging (bags) and bottles have the highest daily usage scores (around 3.8 and 3.2 on a 1–5 scale), whereas plastic toys scored lowest (~2.0). Most respondents expressed neutral or moderate satisfaction with plastic products. Focus group participants agreed that plastic is integral to food storage, packaging, and medicine, but suggested reusable bags, water fountains, and paper packaging as local alternatives. Interviewed experts cited plastic’s low cost and convenience as barriers to replacement, noted insufficient recycling infrastructure (only about 21.9 % of plastic waste is recycled in Kazakhstan), and advocated incentives such as government subsidies or bans. Overall, findings emphasize the importance of public education campaigns, improved recycling systems, and policies (e.g., bans on plastic bags and incentives) to shift consumer behavior towards sustainable alternatives. Such measures could significantly reduce plastic pollution and support environmental sustainability.

Annotation: Despite the legislative recognition of self-employed citizens, their legal status in civil law remains ambiguous. The absence of clear legal norms and insufficient regulation of the specifics of their activities create difficulties in establishing rights and obligations, protecting interests, as well as in issues related to taxation and civil liability. To identify the features of the legal status of self-employed citizens in civil law, determine problematic aspects, and propose recommendations for improving legislative regulation. The study employs comparative, historical-legal, systemic, and normative-legal approaches to analyze legislation, its development, and application in judicial practice, as well as to identify the features of the legal status of self-employed citizens in civil law. The analysis of the legal status of self-employed citizens in civil law revealed key problems: insufficient regulation of civil-law relations involving the self-employed, uncertainty in contract execution and protection of their rights, and the absence of unified law enforcement practice. Furthermore, there is insufficient legal awareness among self-employed citizens and their counterparties, leading to frequent disputes and legal uncertainty. Resolving these issues requires a comprehensive approach, including improving the normative framework, developing standard contracts and recommendations for interaction with the selfemployed, as well as raising the level of legal education among participants in civil-law relations. The significance of these results lies in their potential to enhance the legal protection of selfemployed citizens, improve the quality of civil-law transactions, and reduce the number of conflicts and court disputes. This, in turn, promotes the development of individual entrepreneurial activity, strengthens trust among market participants, and increases the effectiveness of legal regulation in the field of self-employment.

Annotation: The current system of state control in the migration sphere is insufficiently effective. The absence of a clearly defined system for delineating powers among bodies involved in regulating migration processes, fragmentation of control mechanisms, as well as a weak legislative and regulatory framework significantly reduce the effectiveness of supervision in this area. Alongside this, the interaction between officials of control bodies and public oversight institutions remains fragmented and unregulated, hindering the formation of a fair and transparent migration policy. The purpose of this article is to analyze the activities of officials of control and supervisory bodies in the migration sphere and to identify ways to improve the effectiveness of their interaction with public oversight institutions. Special attention is given to the problem of legal regulation of the powers of these subjects and the development of recommendations for improving coordination and transparency in the migration sphere. This study applies systemic, regulatory-legal, comparative-legal, and institutional methods. Current regulatory acts, the structure of interaction between state and public institutions, as well as examples of law enforcement practice are analyzed. The research revealed key problems: unclear competencies among bodies exercising migration control; lack of sustainable interaction between state and public structures; and a weak regulatory framework governing such coordination. Proposed reforms include clarifying and legally consolidating the powers of migration control participants, creating mechanisms for institutional cooperation with public organizations, and expanding the involvement of civil society in monitoring migration processes. The significance of the results lies in the formulation of proposals aimed at creating a more transparent and fair migration policy. Improving the effectiveness of interaction between state and public institutions will not only strengthen control over migration flows but also ensure the protection of the rights of both citizens and migrants, thereby reinforcing the rule of law and trust in state bodies.

Annotation: Metacognitive skills are the ability of students to recognize, control, and regulate their thought processes. In recent years, researchers have been paying special attention to the development of these skills, as they are key to the formation of autonomous learning, critical thinking and success in an academic environment. The main purpose of the study was to study the effectiveness of thinking visualization tools in the development of students' metacognitive skills. Theoretical methods: analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis of approaches to visualization of thinking, empirical methods: pedagogical experiment, student testing, surveys and questionnaires, statistical methods: quantitative analysis of academic performance, data processing using methods of correlation and comparative analysis. This article presents the results of a practical study conducted during the academic year at the Nazarbayev Intellectual School of Chemical and Biological Sciences in Pavlodar among 11th grade students taught in English.

Annotation: The article highlights the problem of the influence of external and internal factors on the change in the intellectual abilities of psychology students during their studies at the university. Purpose: to identify the features of the dynamics of the intellectual abilities of psychology students during the educational process. Methods- the method of "Raven's progressive matrices", "G. Eysenck's intelligence test". The article considers intellectual abilities as a key component of the cognitive sphere, ensuring the success of mastering the curriculum by psychology students. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the dynamics of intellectual development during the first year of study at the university. The article reveals the peculiarities of the manifestation of verbal and non-verbal intelligence, their importance in the process of professional training of future psychologists. Raven's progressive matrices and the intelligence test were used as an empirical basis. Isaac's research is aimed at evaluating logical thinking, analytical abilities, and general intelligence. The study involved 23 firstyear students studying in the specialty "Psychology. A comparative analysis of the results allowed us to record the positive dynamics of intellectual indicators, manifested in an increase in scores.