This article describes the methods of your household waste disposal and obtaining of plastics based on styrofoam dissolved in gasoline.

The article describes intensification methods of the anaerobic digestion process, contributed to the enhancement of biogas installations productivity. Microbiological and constructive-technological methods of anaerobic digestion process intensification are analyzed, their advantages and disadvantages are pointed out.

This article discusses some of the problems of chemical safety, such as the recycling of waste production, chemical accidents and disasters, environmental pollution and the negative effect of the chemical industry on human health, as well as methods for safer handling of chemical products.

In this article issues of efficient use of ferroalloys production waste to save costs are considered; energy efficiency of agglomerate production is calculated; sintering heat balance data are presented by a case study of Aksu Ferrolloy Plant. According to the annual economic benefits calculation the folowing results are obtained: due to аglogases recirculation, fuel saving is 1334.5 t.o.e.; due to reheating it is 1491 t.o.e.; due to installation of thyristor converters to the unit the annual energy saving is 1714000 kWh. Thus, it is identified that besides energy-efficiency measures during recycling of solid and gaseous wastes, the use of agglomerate increases IPF electric furnaces performance as well, decreases specific energy and reducing agent consumption which means the prime cost of finished products will be reduced.

One of the directions of energy saving is the application of heat pumps by means of which it is possible to use low-potential, usually waste heat. The question of the possibility of using heat pumps in thermal power plants is considered in the present article. Also a diagram of possible use in thermal power stations of low-grade waste heat with heat pump installation is presented in the article.

This article discusses the use of ash and slag waste such as ash or slag boilers and thermal power plants of Pavlodar region. We describe the main source of energy today. Produced by laboratory analysis of the composition of the ash. A basic installation for the processing of the ash. It presents the possibility of using fly ash in building materials industry.

This paper presents a biotechnological approach of making a meat product in order to create a new domestic product. As the result of the study, prescription composition of the meat product with a cereal component was developed. Components comprise raw materials of domestic production, which allows to increase the level of nutritional balance of the product. The prescription composition includes secondary raw materials, and that allows manufacturers of processing industries to use non-waste production. This characteristic has been achieved due to the know-how. Secondary raw materials have nutritional value, but because of its features (coarse fibers) they are poorly digest by the body. The developed know-how ensures that these fibers are transformed into easily digestible form, giving the product special characteristics, which are described based on the results of nutritional value of the newly developed type of product. The developed new product allows to expand the range of meat products on the market.

This article is devoted to the consideration of methods for receiving copper powder. The main methods of obtaining copper based on them are analyzed, the possibility of complex extraction of the investigated metal from spent solutions (wastes) of electrolytic production of copper.

The article describes visually detectable anomalies in the structure of the crucian carpet, which make it possible to consider them as a reliable tool for operative ecological monitoring of aquatic ecosystems under the conditions of the anthropic press. The results of the conducted studies were tested in the course of the research "The Post-Mercury Control of Mercury Pollution in the Territory of the Former PO" Khimprom", and also appear to be important in assessing the environmental risk from groundwater pollution and adjacent water bodies in the northern industrial zone of Pavlodar.

The object of the study was water and bottom sediments of the lake Balkyldak of Pavlodar region, contaminated by mercury wastes.The purpose of the work is the creation of innovative cost-effective technologies for deep cleaning of aqueous media from mercury to the level of 1-10 parts per trillion, which will be tested for the cleaning of the lake Bylkyldak facilities in Pavlodar region.

This paper presents the results of the influence of ultrasonic treatment in the cofermentation of the cattle manure mixture (cattle) with the leaven from the rumen of ruminants on the process of biogas production. Anaerobic digestion was carried out in matinence periodic operation at the mesophilic temperature of 38 C ̊. As a substrate, a mixture with a content of 70 % cattle manure and 10 % leaven from rumen of ruminants was used. Treatment with ultrasound of the mixture was carried out at an intensity of 10 W/cm2 and an amount of input energy of 9350 kJ/kg of dry matter (DM), which completely eliminated the processes of stratification and sedimentation. Decomposition of organic matter (OM) in the periodic regime with the enzyme and ultrasound treatment occurred within 8 days, the usual substrate during this time OM decomposed 3.0 times less (only 14 %). The process of fermentation of methane in continuous and periodic modes treated with ultrasound, as at other temperatures, was stable, as can be judged by the values of volatile fatty acids (VFA) Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), alkalinity, pH, and biogas. The energetical efficiency of methane fermentation is estimated by comparing the volume of fuel (biogas) and heat consumption for technological needs. As shown by the comparison of efficiency of different regime, the largest amount of commercial energy in the form of biogas was obtained in the mode of joint fermentation of a mixture of cattle manure (cattle) with a ferment from the rumen of ruminants treated with ultrasound – 3 times more than without treatment (space).

Environmental protection measures are based, among other things, on the rationalization of the organization of the production waste management process. Population growth and the race to industrialize pose a serious threat to the ecosystem. Currently, the average global waste generation per capita is 494 kg / year. A large number of industrial enterprises operate on the territory of Kazakhstan. The range of manufactured products is very wide: household items, transport, building materials, equipment and much more. Each type of production is inevitably a source of a large amount of industrial waste, annually at the enterprises of Kazakhstan up to 600 million tons of waste are generated, three percent of which are recycled. On the territory of Pavlodar region there are enterprises in the field of metallurgy, mechanical engineering, chemical industry, construction industry enterprises, light industry, about a hundred in total. In this connection, the problem of treatment and disposal of industrial waste in Pavlodar region is very relevant. The article discusses the system of waste management in order to reduce their impact on the environment, activities for the disposal, transportation, disposal of waste, as well as their disposal at the industrial waste landfill in Pavlodar. The landfill in question is intended for the reception, temporary storage and disposal of non-hazardous solid industrial waste of the «green» level: waste and scrap of chromium, cadmium, aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, manganese, plastic waste, polyethylene, abrasive, rubber waste, ash and ash and slag waste; and also «amber»: waste containing mercury, arsenic, lead, waste batteries, phosphoric slags, waste oils, oil sludge. The scheme of organizing waste storage works is considered. The volume of accepted and recycled waste, as well as those placed at the landfill and used for their own needs, was analyzed, including construction waste, waste sleepers, ash and slag and abrasive scrap. The solution to the problem of industrial waste disposal is associated with the need for innovation and the introduction of new technologies and equipment.

The article is devoted to the development of a technology for obtaining organic fertilizers from poultry waste based on biocatalytic processes. Currently, many poultry farms have become sources of environmental pollution, thereby causing serious environmental problems and economic and social damage. The problem of reliable protection of the natural environment from pollution by bird droppings is currently relevant. In the area of operation of large poultry farms, air pollution by microorganisms, dust, foul-smelling organic compounds, which are decomposition products of organic waste, as well as nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon oxides, is possible. Bird droppings contain acids, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, heavy metals. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium changes dramatically depending on the quantity and quality of the feed. Humic substances isolated from brown coal have a sufficiently high sorption activity and are used as cheap sorbents for solving a number of environmental problems in industry. These studies are aimed at minimizing the main disadvantage of the anaerobic digestion process, the low reaction rate, which leads to the need to create large-volume bioreactors. On the basis of the research carried out, a technology has been developed for obtaining organic fertilizers from poultry waste by the method of anaerobic fermentation of chicken manure with humidity at a temperature of 27 °C - 50 °C with the addition of sodium humate. The resulting fertilizer is intended for use in agricultural production, horticulture, floriculture, forestry, municipalities, in household plots in order to increase the yield and quality of crop production. For the developed technology, an application has been submitted for obtaining a Patent for the invention of the Republic of Kazakhstan «Method for producing organic fertilizers» (priority No. 2021-22818, dated July 13, 2021). The invention allows to significantly reduce the time of fermentation, to enrich the product with organic and mineral products contained in sodium humate, to convert the salts of heavy metals into an insoluble state, to improve the environmental friendliness of the method.

Main problem: The article analyzes water quality assurance as the main goal of preserving human health. The study of chemical and microbiological parameters of wastewater and drinking water was carried out using generally accepted standards. The number of deaths associated with the use of contaminated drinking water, according to WHO, tripled in 2021 and reached almost 19 thousand against 6 thousand in 2020. In addition, the number of neoplasms, diseases of the genitourinary system, digestive organs and skin increased by 2 %, to 1.486 million. The reasons for the increase in the level of harmful chemicals and microbiological pollutants in the water are outdated sewage treatment plants, old pipes and disinfection with chlorine. Purpose: Study of the quality of wastewater and drinking water in Pavlodar, study of the quality of wastewater and drinking water in Pavlodar. Methods: Sampling of wastewater, chemical and bacteriological analysis of wastewater and drinking water, statistical method, correlation analysis of experimentally obtained results and calculated characteristics, etc. Results and their significance: In the field of public health risk, pollution of reservoirs that are sources of household drinking water supply and recreational water use, the continuing necessary high deterioration of water supply networks, their accident rate, as a result of low level of operation, failures in the operation of treatment facilities. Hygienic assessment of reservoirs according to complex indicators indicates the continuing high degree of water pollution in places of water use. The water quality indicators of the surface reservoirs of the region remain low in terms of sanitary and chemical (primarily organoleptic and general sanitary), as well as microbiological indicators. According to toxicological indicators, the level of water pollution in places of water use is estimated as moderate. The main pollutants of the Irtysh River in Pavlodar are industrial enterprises and housing and communal facilities that discharge untreated or insufficiently treated wastewater into reservoirs. A complex of causes of drinking water pollution has been identified: high deterioration of water supply networks, their accident rate, because of a low level of operation, failures in the operation of treatment facilities, unfair treatment of industrial wastewater by industrial enterprises of Pavlodar, etc. Priority preventive directions for improving the quality of water as a source of life are the implementation of long-term targeted planning of measures for the modernization of water supply and sewerage networks and facilities in Pavlodar. The state of water supply necessary and measures to improve it should be constantly monitored and considered at meetings of sanitary and anti-epidemic commissions.

An analysis of the mechanical, chemical and pyrogenic impact of the Baikonur Cosmodrome on the environment showed the presence of man-made impacts of the first stages (FS) used on the ecosystems of the impact zones (IZ). This article presents the concept of a controlled landing of spent launch vehicles with liquid rocket engines (LRE) in the expected zones of damage to the ecosystems of the area while maintaining the energy-optimal launch scenario of the launch vehicle. Purpose of the article - development of effective technologies for reducing the anthropogenic impact during launches of promising rockets from the Baikonur Cosmodrome based on theoretical and experimental studies of innovative technologies: reducing the area of impact of parts from launch vehicles; fire and explosion safety, no danger of rocket launchers; controlled descent of used first stages; To solve the problem, it is proposed to create an additional IASM, which will be included in the environmental management system of the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Possible design solutions are proposed based on the evaporation of untreated liquid waste from the tanks of separated parts, their fire and explosion safety, and the use of the obtained vapor-gas mixtures for controlled unloading of separated parts while moving along the landing trajectory to the optimal area. The authors of the article have developed evaluation criteria that characterize the main environmental indicators of the studied areas: fire hazard, soil cover and impact on vegetation are studied for inclusion in the IASM. There are objective requirements and basic rules for the creation of HIASM, which is an integral part of the environmental management system of the cosmodrome.

Main problem: The use of waste heat is most often solved by installing heat exchangers, but this is not effective when the temperature of this heat does not exceed 10-15 0 C, in which case this heat can be used using a heat pump. Where can I get this heat? Almost any enterprise needs cooling of any equipment elements or substances – working fluids; the heat received from them can be sent to a heat pump and used here at the enterprise. Purpose: Consideration of the possibility of using the heat of cooling water from the pump CNS 60-165 and the proposal of a new scheme with the installation of a heat pump that uses this heat. Methods: This is achieved due to the fact that it is proposed not to discard the heat, but after its use in the heat pump evaporator, transfer it to the heated medium - water, which is then sent to the shower cabins of the enterprise. Since the showers are located in the same room, the cost of transporting heat and losses will be minimal. Methods: In the course of the research, the possibility of using the waste heat of an industrial enterprise for using it here at the enterprise for the purposes of hot water supply was considered. For these purposes, it is proposed to install a heat pump, thanks to which the thermal potential increases, which makes it possible to fully use the received heat. Results and their significance: As the experience of foreign countries has shown, heat pumps can be widely used in many industrial enterprises, and in conditions of increased competitiveness, in order to reduce energy costs and the cost of manufactured products, install heat pumps to utilize excess heat, for example, process water, which is available in many production allows you to have a significant economic effect.

Main problem: Bird droppings and animal manure contain acids, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, heavy metals. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium changes dramatically depending on the quantity and quality of the feed. Purpose: To study the effectiveness of the use of organomineral fertilizer from poultry waste, obtained using biocatalytic processes on the growth and development of plants. Methods: An application for a Patent for the invention of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Method of obtaining organic fertilizer" has been submitted for the developed technology for obtaining organic-mineral fertilizer. In the soil intended for growing seedlings of tomatoes of the “Pepper-shaped Orange” variety and peppers of the “Bogatyr” variety, the resulting fertilizer was applied in the amount of 1 kg per 1 m2 of soil, which was dug to a depth of 8-10 cm and used to grow seedlings in closed ground and subsequent for planting it in open ground. Soil without fertilization was used as a control. The process of soil preparation for open ground, intended for planting seedlings, was carried out for the experimental field with the introduction and control without fertilization. Experimental and control studies were carried out under equivalent climatic conditions, the scheme and technology of watering plants. In total, 100 bushes of each plant species were used in the experiment. Results and their significance: The use of the obtained organomineral fertilizer allows to increase the yield of vegetable crops (tomatoes, peppers) by 20-25% compared to the control. In addition, in the experimental samples, an increase in the number of fruits on a bush was noted with an increase in their size, a decrease in the growing season and the number of damaged fruits.

In Kazakhstan, within the framework of the Program «Development of domestic value and export-oriented industries», new modern dairy enterprises are being actively modernized and new modern dairy enterprises are being created, where membrane processes are being introduced to concentrate the components of milk. This is necessary for the rational and integrated use of raw materials, including through the processing of secondary resources, the main of which is whey. Improving the production processes of traditional food products and developing innovative ones is possible only with the use of the latest technologies and technological equipment. Membrane processes are widely used for the use of fractionation and concentration of liquid dairy products, which allows for a new solution to the processing of raw materials and opens up opportunities in the development of new types of food products. The article is devoted to the issue of production and processing of whey in Kazakhstan. The main types of membrane technologies and the advantages of their use in the dairy industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan are considered. The role of membrane technologies in the processing of whey is substantiated, various methods of introducing membrane processing methods to ensure the demineralization of whey, obtaining products with high biological value and consumer properties, reducing the cost of energy carriers, reducing the volume of raw materials in order to save transport costs, non-waste processing of milk solids, recycling water are described. This article analyzes the problems of using resource-saving membrane technologies in the production of dairy products in the Republic of Kazakhstan, ways to solve existing problems associated with increasing the economic efficiency of enterprises. The favorable impact of the use of membrane technologies on the social and environmental aspects of whey processing in the country is substantiated.

On the territory of the Northern industrial zone of Pavlodar in the area of the industrial wastewater reservoir «Bylkyldak» in some areas of the earth there is soil contamination with mercury, exceeding the MPC for mercury (2.1 mg/kg) by 500 times. The total mass of mercury dispersed in the surface layer of soils is 2.8 tons. The mass of contaminated soil is approximately 208,000 tons. Pollution of the territory is historical. The purpose of the article is to determine the efficiency of chemical binding (immobilization) of mercury in the soil with the Japanese drug Denite® in real field conditions of the territory of mercury contamination in the Northern industrial zone of Pavlodar using an experimental study; to determine the stability of insoluble mercury compounds formed by the preparation at extreme winter and summer temperatures and seasonal fluctuations in open ground. Soil samples were taken for the study at 11 points in the centers of mercury pollution. Laboratory studies were carried out in an accredited analytical laboratory of the Testing Center of JSC Caustic. Soil samples were treated with Denite®, the preparations obtained were stabilized, and water extracts were prepared. The content of mercury in soils, extracts from them, and plants was determined by the atomic absorption method on a RA-915+ spectrometer equipped with RP-91 and RP-91S attachments. As a result of research, the effectiveness of Denite® in the chemical binding of mercury in the soil has been proven and its optimal dosages have been determined. As a result of the positive tests of the technology of chemical immobilization of mercury, the prospect of a practical solution to the issue of demercurization of mercury-contaminated soil on the territory of the Northern industrial zone appeared.

The relevance of this article is that the impact of human economic activity on the natural environment is becoming comparable in scale to geological factors. In this regard, the importance of protecting the biosphere has increased immeasurably. The earth is the only common home of all earthlings. Society, including us, cannot help but worry that the planet has approached a critical ecological threshold. The main goal of the research that we set for ourselves in this article is to create a predictive model for overcoming the environmental crisis in the following areas: environmental education, greening technologies, administrative and legal direction, international cooperation. To achieve the result, we tried to process as much information as possible, analyze the situation, draw appropriate conclusions and propose our own model for overcoming the environmental crisis. The hypothesis is that environmental pollution, improper disposal of household and industrial waste, and poor environmental culture have a detrimental effect on the ecology of the city, poisoning the environment and public health. The main research methods used were methods of empirical knowledge - these are observations, survey methods, questionnaires, as well as theoretical methods. The results of these studies can be used to inform the population about the impact of waste on human health, as well as the importance of storing, recycling and obtaining secondary raw materials, in order to reduce the amount of garbage on city streets. And also about the existence of unauthorized waste collection sites and administrative responsibility for the creation of such landfills in the city and in the surrounding area, this is an educational activity in all areas of education, starting from preschool institutions, the media, advertising agencies, NGOs, environmental authorities and also, using international experience, in the construction of a solid waste processing plant in his hometown.