Conflicts of interest in medicine represent a serious and multifaceted issue that affects the quality of medical care and patients' trust in the healthcare system. These conflicts can arise from personal or commercial interests of healthcare professionals, potentially leading to distorted professional decisions and violations of ethical standards. Тhe aim of the research is to explore the psychological aspects of conflicts of interest in medicine and their criminological significance, as well as to analyze their impact on the professional activities of physicians and the legal consequences of such situations. To achieve this goal, qualitative methods of analysis were employed, including a literature review, analysis of scientific and legal publications, and the examination of real cases where conflicts of interest led to legal consequences. The study results show that conflicts of interest in medicine can manifest in both explicit and hidden forms, often remaining unnoticed by healthcare professionals. The influence of financial and corporate interests on decision-making may jeopardize patient health and result in legal consequences, including charges of corruption and fraud. These findings emphasize the importance of developing effective preventive and control measures for conflicts of interest, as well as ensuring the adherence to ethical and legal standards in medical practice. This will help prevent decision-making distortions, guarantee high-quality medical care, and preserve patients' trust in the healthcare system.