The main problem of the administrative responsibility institute in Kazakhstan is the insufficient differentiation of punishments and the uncertainty in the application of administrative sanctions. This leads to an overload of the judicial system and complicates the implementation of the principle of proportionality of punishment. Additionally, there is a low level of legal awareness and legal culture among citizens, which negatively affects the effectiveness of administrative responsibility. The purpose of this article is to analyze the development paths of the administrative responsibility institute in Kazakhstan, identify existing problems, and propose solutions to improve legislation and the practice of applying administrative sanctions. This includes increasing the differentiation of punishments, improving the enforcement mechanisms for sanctions, and enhancing the legal literacy of the population. Comparative, historical-legal, systemic, and regulatory-legal approaches were used to analyze the legislation, its development, and application in judicial practice. The analysis revealed several key problems, such as insufficient differentiation of punishments, uncertainty in the application of sanctions, and a low level of legal awareness among the population. These issues require a comprehensive approach to resolve, including continued reform of the regulatory framework, the introduction of alternative punishment measures, and strengthening educational initiatives. The significance of these results lies in their potential to improve the effectiveness of administrative responsibility, enhance citizens' legal consciousness, and ease the workload of judicial and law enforcement agencies. Improving the administrative responsibility institute in Kazakhstan contributes to strengthening the rule of law, increasing trust in government institutions, and improving the socio-economic situation in the country.