The rapid development of digital technologies has significantly increased the importance of ensuring data security. In this context, the study of the interaction between cryptography and artificial intelligence has become one of the most relevant research areas. This article examines the opportunities, risks, and future prospects of applying artificial intelligence technologies in cryptographic systems. The main objective of the study is to perform a comparative analysis of the efficiency of traditional cryptographic algorithms and algorithms optimized using artificial intelligence techniques. The research is based on experimental modeling, during which the encryption time for different data volumes was measured. The obtained results demonstrate that AI-optimized algorithms provide higher performance compared to traditional methods. In addition, artificial intelligence can automate the process of identifying vulnerabilities in cryptographic systems and improve the adaptability of security mechanisms. The findings indicate that the integration of cryptography and artificial intelligence has significant potential for enhancing modern information security systems.