Annotation: This study addresses the pressing issue of understanding the role of language as a mechanism for perceiving and interpreting cultural reality in the context of globalization and intercultural communication. Language is viewed not merely as a communication tool but as a cultural code that shapes cognitive models and behavioral patterns. The purpose of the research is to identify and substantiate how language constructs, represents, and transmits cultural meanings. The methodology is interdisciplinary, incorporating cognitive linguistics, philosophy of language, linguistic cultural studies, and anthropology. Key methods include comparative analysis, cognitive and interpretative approaches, content analysis, and elements of ethnolinguistics. The study revealed fundamental mechanisms of cultural meaning representation in language: metaphorization, phraseology, categorization, speech taboos, and ritual formulas. The linguistic relativity hypothesis is confirmed. The results show that language does not only reflect culture but actively constructs cultural worldviews. The findings have both theoretical value and practical application in education, translation, intercultural competence development, and cultural policy.

Annotation: The article explores the importance of etymological analysis of lexical units as a method of studying nomination in a language. It examines how etymology helps to reveal the historical and cultural layers that influence the development of words, and highlights the role of the etymological approach in studying national identity and worldview. Through examples from the Kazakh and Russian languages, the article analyzes the processes of word meaning formation and their connection to cultural traditions. Attention is also paid to social changes and cultural transformations reflected in the language. The work highlights the importance of etymology not only for lexicology, but also for such disciplines as social anthropology, cultural studies, as well as its role in restoring historical memory and understanding cultural processes. The study demonstrates how etymological analysis can serve as a powerful tool for studying and preserving cultural identities, revealing the depth and diversity of historical and linguistic heritage.

Annotation: The problem of establishing harmonious interethnic and intercultural relations is becoming particularly relevant. There is a need to rethink the mechanisms of cultural interaction capable of forming a stable multi-component identity based on the principles of equality, dialogue and mutual respect. The article analyzes the concepts of «One’s own» and «Someone else’s» as categories of intercultural perception, identify factors contributing to the transformation of interethnic borders into cultural bridges, and consider the Kazakh experience as a model of effective cultural dialogue. The conducted theoretical and analytical study revealed a number of significant patterns characterizing the specifics of intercultural interaction in multinational Kazakhstan. The ethnocultural features of speech behaviour in Kazakh society not only reflect its diversity, but also act as an effective means of intercultural integration6 ensuring mutual understanding and cultural solidarity at the level of everyday communication. It is speech practice that becomes the space where the ideology of the dialogue of cultures is implemented most vividly, flexibly and effectively.

Annotation: This work is devoted to the study of discursive words in translation from Kazakh to Russian. The relevance of the topic is due to the growing interest in the problems of intercultural communication and translation, especially in the context of Kazakhstan's multilingual society, as Kazakh and Russian languages function in close interaction, but the transfer of national-specific linguistic units, such as discursive words, often poses difficulties for translators, teachers, and researchers. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the functioning of discursive words in the Kazakh language and to determine effective strategies for their translation into Russian, taking into account pragmatic, semantic, and cultural aspects. The main methods used are descriptive method, comparative analysis, contextual analysis, interpretative method, and classification method of translation strategies. Results and their significance: the main functions of Kazakh discursive words have been identified, the main strategies for translating Kazakh discursive words into Russian have been classified, and the difficulties of translation related to cultural specificity have been identified. The study has shown that discursive words cannot be translated mechanically or literally. Their function is to structure dialogue, express intonation, politeness, conviction, doubt, persistence, and respect. They are embedded in cognitive and speech norms, and any attempt at translation requires a creative and interdisciplinary approach that takes into account both linguistic and cultural features.