Annotation: Crimes against morality in the field of medicine, including violations of patients' rights, unlawful medical experiments, negligence, commercialization of medicine, and moral violence, undermine public trust in medical institutions and professionals. These crimes have serious consequences for the health and well-being of patients, as well as for the moral and ethical foundations of the medical profession. To study crimes against morality in medicine, identify their types and causes, and propose ways to minimize such violations through enhanced control, improvement of ethical education, and the development of legislative initiatives. A comprehensive analysis of domestic and foreign literature, judicial practices, and official reports from medical and legal institutions was conducted. Methods of content analysis, qualitative and quantitative approaches, as well as comparative analysis of the legislation of various countries on medical ethics, were used. Crimes against morality in medicine were classified into several categories: violation of patients' rights, unlawful experiments, negligence, commercialization of medicine, and moral violence. The consequences of such crimes are discussed, and ways to prevent them are proposed through improvements in the education and control systems in the medical field. The research findings emphasize the need for the development of stricter control measures to ensure compliance with medical ethics, the creation of effective self-regulation mechanisms, and the activation of educational programs, which will help reduce violations and restore trust in the medical profession.

Annotation: Relevance of the study. The principle of separation of powers is the most important feature of the rule of law, which confirms the dominance of the legislative branch and the subordination of the executive and judicial branches. The key aspect of the rule of law is a systematic approach to legislation. At the same time, the leading role of law lies in its ability to solve the main and most significant problems of society. To study the concept of separation of powers in a rule of law state. The methodological basis of the study is scientific and research approaches, which include general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, a historical approach, methods of complex systemic and structural analysis, as well as various methods corresponding to norms, concepts and terms. Thus, the results of the study allow us to draw a number of conclusions. First of all, the concept of separation of powers has long served as the basis for building democratic legal systems. This idea developed at different stages and was closely associated with the works of many famous thinkers and lawyers. The works of lawyers and philosophers laid the foundations that to this day shape our modern perception of the structure of power and its functions. Each stage of the development of this concept reflected social changes and the desire for more just and effective governance.