Annotation: In the context of a rapidly growing elderly population, one of the key priorities is the development of specialized food products that support health maintenance, prevent age-related diseases, and provide physiologically adequate nutrition. The aim of this study was to develop a gerodietetic meat semi-finished product technology using plant-based ingredients-bulgur flour and zucchini-known for their high nutritional and biological value. Three formulation variants were developed, differing in the percentage ratio of animal and plant-based raw materials. The samples were evaluated by sensory analysis using a scoring system (appearance, color, smell, taste, texture) and by determining the chemical composition of the optimal variant. The results showed that the inclusion of plant ingredients improves the sensory qualities of the product, reduces fat content, and increases the levels of dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals. The best performance was observed in sample No. 2, containing approximately 20 % plant additives. The proposed formulation offers an optimal balance of sensory and nutritional properties, making it suitable for implementation in the production of gerodietetic meat products. Given its balanced composition and high consumer appeal, it is also appropriate for use in institutional catering systems and in the production of functional foods targeted at elderly nutrition.

Annotation: Over the past decades, efforts have been made to develop irrigation and pasture infrastructure across significant areas of seasonal pastures within the state land fund of the Republic of Kazakhstan. However, the current level of fodder base development remains insufficient to fully meet the needs of the livestock sector, thereby limiting the growth potential of agricultural production. A key strategy for intensifying pasture management lies in the efficient use of pasture and fodder resources through the implementation of rotational grazing systems that prevent land degradation. Within the framework of the Agro-Industrial Complex Development Concept, a central objective is the restoration and preservation of the productivity of agricultural landscapes, many of which are affected by various forms of land degradation. Currently, the region is experiencing a decline in both the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of agricultural land, including a 6-27 % decrease in humus content on irrigated lands, wind erosion across 2.4 million hectares of farmland, and an increase of 1.4 million hectares in degraded pasture areas. These processes have led to substantial income losses among agricultural producers, largely due to water scarcity and the deterioration of agricultural landscapesincluding irrigated lands, hayfields, and pastures. Consequently, the region is facing growing socioeconomic tensions, marked by declining rural living standards and reduced volumes of agricultural output.

Annotation: Main problem: the most key issue of Kazakhstan is its unpreparedness for the latest technologies. The introduction of artificial intelligence in medicine in Kazakhstan, which has both positive and negative sides, falls into this category. To start working with them, it is necessary to determine the attitude of citizens to them, especially if it concerns social activities. The work has social and scientific significance. The work highlights the main positive aspects of reducing the workload in the workplace, as well as the positive results of the active use of artificial intelligence in other countries. Methods: Three methods were used for detailed analysis: interviews, content analysis and survey. All methods of obtaining information were used in further analyzing the problem and identifying the results. Purpose: the main objective of the study is to find the existing practices for using AI in Kazakhstan. Moreover, the possible opportunities to develop AI implementation in medicine and how it can upgrade internal procedures in the medical field. Results and their significance: At the end of the article, it is clearly seen that more and more people are exposed to AI technology on a daily basis, but its implementation in Kazakhstan remains relatively low, indicating that Kazakhstan is lagging behind other countries and that people are unaware of all the advantages of AI. It can also be noted that the introduction of AI in medicine can help remote areas in transmitting patient data.

Annotation: Main problem: Plastic pollution from single-use plastics causes threats to human health, biodiversity, and ecosystems worldwide. This study explores alternatives to plastic to reduce environmental pollution in Ust-Kamenogorsk (Oskemen), Kazakhstan. Methods: We used a mixed-methods approach: a survey (~150 respondents) to quantify daily plastic use, focus groups (5 students) to discuss usage patterns and alternatives, and semi-structured expert interviews (2 experts) to examine waste challenges. Results and their significance: The survey revealed that plastic packaging (bags) and bottles have the highest daily usage scores (around 3.8 and 3.2 on a 1–5 scale), whereas plastic toys scored lowest (~2.0). Most respondents expressed neutral or moderate satisfaction with plastic products. Focus group participants agreed that plastic is integral to food storage, packaging, and medicine, but suggested reusable bags, water fountains, and paper packaging as local alternatives. Interviewed experts cited plastic’s low cost and convenience as barriers to replacement, noted insufficient recycling infrastructure (only about 21.9 % of plastic waste is recycled in Kazakhstan), and advocated incentives such as government subsidies or bans. Overall, findings emphasize the importance of public education campaigns, improved recycling systems, and policies (e.g., bans on plastic bags and incentives) to shift consumer behavior towards sustainable alternatives. Such measures could significantly reduce plastic pollution and support environmental sustainability.

Annotation: Despite the legislative recognition of self-employed citizens, their legal status in civil law remains ambiguous. The absence of clear legal norms and insufficient regulation of the specifics of their activities create difficulties in establishing rights and obligations, protecting interests, as well as in issues related to taxation and civil liability. To identify the features of the legal status of self-employed citizens in civil law, determine problematic aspects, and propose recommendations for improving legislative regulation. The study employs comparative, historical-legal, systemic, and normative-legal approaches to analyze legislation, its development, and application in judicial practice, as well as to identify the features of the legal status of self-employed citizens in civil law. The analysis of the legal status of self-employed citizens in civil law revealed key problems: insufficient regulation of civil-law relations involving the self-employed, uncertainty in contract execution and protection of their rights, and the absence of unified law enforcement practice. Furthermore, there is insufficient legal awareness among self-employed citizens and their counterparties, leading to frequent disputes and legal uncertainty. Resolving these issues requires a comprehensive approach, including improving the normative framework, developing standard contracts and recommendations for interaction with the selfemployed, as well as raising the level of legal education among participants in civil-law relations. The significance of these results lies in their potential to enhance the legal protection of selfemployed citizens, improve the quality of civil-law transactions, and reduce the number of conflicts and court disputes. This, in turn, promotes the development of individual entrepreneurial activity, strengthens trust among market participants, and increases the effectiveness of legal regulation in the field of self-employment.

Annotation: The current system of state control in the migration sphere is insufficiently effective. The absence of a clearly defined system for delineating powers among bodies involved in regulating migration processes, fragmentation of control mechanisms, as well as a weak legislative and regulatory framework significantly reduce the effectiveness of supervision in this area. Alongside this, the interaction between officials of control bodies and public oversight institutions remains fragmented and unregulated, hindering the formation of a fair and transparent migration policy. The purpose of this article is to analyze the activities of officials of control and supervisory bodies in the migration sphere and to identify ways to improve the effectiveness of their interaction with public oversight institutions. Special attention is given to the problem of legal regulation of the powers of these subjects and the development of recommendations for improving coordination and transparency in the migration sphere. This study applies systemic, regulatory-legal, comparative-legal, and institutional methods. Current regulatory acts, the structure of interaction between state and public institutions, as well as examples of law enforcement practice are analyzed. The research revealed key problems: unclear competencies among bodies exercising migration control; lack of sustainable interaction between state and public structures; and a weak regulatory framework governing such coordination. Proposed reforms include clarifying and legally consolidating the powers of migration control participants, creating mechanisms for institutional cooperation with public organizations, and expanding the involvement of civil society in monitoring migration processes. The significance of the results lies in the formulation of proposals aimed at creating a more transparent and fair migration policy. Improving the effectiveness of interaction between state and public institutions will not only strengthen control over migration flows but also ensure the protection of the rights of both citizens and migrants, thereby reinforcing the rule of law and trust in state bodies.

Annotation: Metacognitive skills are the ability of students to recognize, control, and regulate their thought processes. In recent years, researchers have been paying special attention to the development of these skills, as they are key to the formation of autonomous learning, critical thinking and success in an academic environment. The main purpose of the study was to study the effectiveness of thinking visualization tools in the development of students' metacognitive skills. Theoretical methods: analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis of approaches to visualization of thinking, empirical methods: pedagogical experiment, student testing, surveys and questionnaires, statistical methods: quantitative analysis of academic performance, data processing using methods of correlation and comparative analysis. This article presents the results of a practical study conducted during the academic year at the Nazarbayev Intellectual School of Chemical and Biological Sciences in Pavlodar among 11th grade students taught in English.

Annotation: The article highlights the problem of the influence of external and internal factors on the change in the intellectual abilities of psychology students during their studies at the university. Purpose: to identify the features of the dynamics of the intellectual abilities of psychology students during the educational process. Methods- the method of "Raven's progressive matrices", "G. Eysenck's intelligence test". The article considers intellectual abilities as a key component of the cognitive sphere, ensuring the success of mastering the curriculum by psychology students. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the dynamics of intellectual development during the first year of study at the university. The article reveals the peculiarities of the manifestation of verbal and non-verbal intelligence, their importance in the process of professional training of future psychologists. Raven's progressive matrices and the intelligence test were used as an empirical basis. Isaac's research is aimed at evaluating logical thinking, analytical abilities, and general intelligence. The study involved 23 firstyear students studying in the specialty "Psychology. A comparative analysis of the results allowed us to record the positive dynamics of intellectual indicators, manifested in an increase in scores.

Annotation: This study addresses the pressing issue of understanding the role of language as a mechanism for perceiving and interpreting cultural reality in the context of globalization and intercultural communication. Language is viewed not merely as a communication tool but as a cultural code that shapes cognitive models and behavioral patterns. The purpose of the research is to identify and substantiate how language constructs, represents, and transmits cultural meanings. The methodology is interdisciplinary, incorporating cognitive linguistics, philosophy of language, linguistic cultural studies, and anthropology. Key methods include comparative analysis, cognitive and interpretative approaches, content analysis, and elements of ethnolinguistics. The study revealed fundamental mechanisms of cultural meaning representation in language: metaphorization, phraseology, categorization, speech taboos, and ritual formulas. The linguistic relativity hypothesis is confirmed. The results show that language does not only reflect culture but actively constructs cultural worldviews. The findings have both theoretical value and practical application in education, translation, intercultural competence development, and cultural policy.

Annotation: The article explores the importance of etymological analysis of lexical units as a method of studying nomination in a language. It examines how etymology helps to reveal the historical and cultural layers that influence the development of words, and highlights the role of the etymological approach in studying national identity and worldview. Through examples from the Kazakh and Russian languages, the article analyzes the processes of word meaning formation and their connection to cultural traditions. Attention is also paid to social changes and cultural transformations reflected in the language. The work highlights the importance of etymology not only for lexicology, but also for such disciplines as social anthropology, cultural studies, as well as its role in restoring historical memory and understanding cultural processes. The study demonstrates how etymological analysis can serve as a powerful tool for studying and preserving cultural identities, revealing the depth and diversity of historical and linguistic heritage.