The main problem addressed in the article is the limited effectiveness of human rights protection mechanisms in Kazakhstan, despite the presence of constitutional guarantees of citizens' rights and freedoms. The Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan provides citizens with broad rights, but there is a significant gap between legal guarantees and their actual implementation in practice. The main issues include the insufficient independence of the judiciary, restrictions on freedom of expression, limited access to justice and legal aid for citizens, as well as difficulties faced by human rights organizations. These issues hinder the full realization of citizens' rights and freedoms, creating significant barriers to the functioning of the rule of law. The goal of the article is to analyze the human rights protection mechanisms enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan and assess their impact on the protection of citizens' rights. The article aims to identify the main problems faced by citizens when protecting their rights and suggest possible solutions to improve the human rights situation in the country. To achieve the research goal, legal analysis of normative acts was used, including the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan and other legislative acts regulating citizens' rights and freedoms. Judicial acts, reports of human rights organizations, and statistics related to citizens' appeals to state authorities and human rights structures were also used. The research methodology included comparative analysis and case studies, which allowed a deeper examination of the real problems in the implementation of human rights in Kazakhstan and the proposal of well-grounded solutions to address these issues. The research results showed that, despite the presence of constitutional guarantees of rights and freedoms, the real situation with human rights protection mechanisms in Kazakhstan remains problematic. The main problems include the insufficient independence of the judiciary, restrictions on freedom of expression, difficulties in accessing justice and legal aid, as well as administrative barriers for human rights organizations. These factors limit the effective realization of citizens' rights and undermine trust in the judiciary and state authorities. The task of reforming the judicial system, improving the accessibility of legal aid, and creating conditions for the free operation of human rights organizations is of critical importance for enhancing human rights protection, strengthening democracy, and the rule of law, as well as for creating a fairer and more effective human rights protection system in Kazakhstan.