Annotation: Modern enterprises operate under conditions of high uncertainty, where the unpredictability of emerging threats can lead to significant losses, transition into a zone of instability, and bankruptcy. The primary challenge is the necessity to shift from reactive to proactive management, as the negative impact of internal and external environmental factors directly undermines the long-term prospects of business development. To substantiate the importance of timely identification and comparative analysis of economic security threats as a fundamental condition for ensuring the continuous operation and sustainable development of an enterprise in the long term. To achieve the stated objective, the study employs methods of systemic and comparative analysis, tools for financial and strategic forecasting, as well as methods for risk identification and crisis monitoring of the organization's internal and external environments. The study substantiates that the stability of an enterprise in modern conditions directly correlates with the effectiveness of the monitoring system and the ability of management to identify crisis situations at the early stages of their occurrence. It is established that regular comparative analysis of threats and the implementation of forecasting tools not only minimize the risks of serious financial losses and bankruptcy but also create a reliable foundation for long-term strategic planning. The practical significance of the work lies in confirming that high personnel qualification in the field of economic security and the proactive elimination of negative internal and external factors are key determinants for maintaining competitiveness and ensuring the continuous functioning of an organization under conditions of market instability.

Annotation: Despite the significant resource potential of Kazakhstan’s rural territories, their contribution to sustainable economic growth remains limited due to infrastructure deterioration, technological backwardness, declining rural population, and insufficient investment activity. These factors create structural barriers to the development of the agro-industrial complex and exacerbate regional disparities. The study examines the role of rural territories as a determinant of Kazakhstan’s sustainable economic growth, identifies key macroeconomic trends in the agricultural sector for the period 2015– 2024, and outlines effective directions of state support aimed at enhancing the competitiveness of the agricultural economy. The research employs comparative and statistical analysis, graphical modeling, and structural-functional and systems approaches. Aggregated macroeconomic data were used, including indicators of rural population dynamics, investment in the agro-industrial complex, the share of agriculture in GDP, and the contribution of rural territories to the national economy. The findings show that despite the decline in the rural population, the contribution of rural territories to GDP and the share of the agro-industrial complex demonstrate a stable upward trend. This dynamic is associated with rising labor productivity, technological modernization, and increased investment inflows. The analysis confirms that investment serves as a key driver of structural transformation in agriculture, generating a cumulative effect through improved efficiency, development of logistics infrastructure, and the introduction of innovations. Major barriers to rural development were identified, and policy measures aimed at strengthening food security, fostering cooperation, advancing digitalization, and enhancing regional economic resilience were proposed. The results confirm the strategic importance of rural territories in ensuring Kazakhstan’s long-term sustainable economic growth.

Annotation: In the context of the global transition to sustainable development and the «green» transformation of the global economy, Kazakhstan is actively implementing the principles of a green economy aimed at reducing its carbon footprint, rational use of natural resources and improving the environmental efficiency of production. At the same time, such changes are accompanied by profound structural shifts in the labor market, including the redistribution of jobs between traditional carbonintensive sectors and environmentally oriented industries, increasing demands on professional competencies and the emergence of new forms of employment. These processes require a comprehensive adaptation of the employment system, educational infrastructure, retraining programs and social support. In particular, the involvement of vulnerable groups of the population – youth, women, rural populations – in new «green» sectors is of particular importance, which contributes to the expansion of social inclusion and the reduction of territorial and demographic imbalances. Thus, the transformation of the labor market, taking into account environmental, technological and social factors, becomes a key condition for ensuring sustainable economic growth, the formation of an inclusive and adaptive labor market, as well as Kazakhstan's successful transition to a green and sustainable economy model. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of the development of the green economy in the Republic of Kazakhstan on the transformation of the labor market and the processes of social inclusion, as well as to identify key areas for the formation of new jobs and professional competencies in the context of sustainable development. The results and their significance: The study identified key trends in the transformation of Kazakhstan's labor market in the context of the development of a green economy, including the formation of new «green» jobs, changes in employment structure and increasing demands on professional competencies. The role of the green economy as a factor in expanding social inclusion through the involvement of youth, women and other vulnerable groups in new sectors of the economy is substantiated. The practical significance of the results lies in the possibility of their use in the development of public policies in the field of employment, education and sustainable development, as well as in the adjustment of educational programs and measures to actively support the labor market.

Annotation: The main problem: The purpose of this article is to introduce the research and study discipline of economic psychology in relation to its theoretical development on economic choices and decisions and individual economic behaviour. Objective: Describe the birth and fundamental characteristics of the discipline of Economic Psychology related to economic choices and decisions. In addition, we want to provide arguments on the difficult and complex relationship between economics and psychology because Psychology and economics have very different approaches to the study of the choices and decisions of firms and individuals. Methods: The main method used for the development of this research is both deductive and inductive, i.e. a use of both classical research tools. The line followed is that of analysis made through historical context in which the discipline of economic psychology has developed. The research is based both on the analyses and study of the numerous books and article. Results and their significance: The research is an introduction to the fundamentals of the Economic Psychology.