Annotation: The key problem in ensuring compliance with international standards for providing legal assistance by lawyers is the inconsistency of legal regulation and practice across countries, as well as insufficient implementation of international norms into national legal systems. This leads to differences in the level of protection of citizens’ rights, limits access to qualified legal assistance, and complicates lawyers’ ability to fulfill their professional duties. An additional problem is the insufficient preparation of some lawyers to apply international legal standards and the absence of unified mechanisms for monitoring the quality of legal services. The aim of the article is to analyze international standards for providing legal assistance, identify problems in their implementation in national legal systems, and develop recommendations for improving mechanisms to ensure the quality of legal services. Special attention is given to harmonizing national norms with international documents, enhancing professional training of lawyers, and ensuring guarantees of independence in legal practice. The study employs comparative, normative-legal, systemic, and analytical methods, as well as an analysis of international documents (United Nations Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers, European Charter on the Status of Lawyers, and Council of Europe recommendations). These approaches allow for a comprehensive study of standards and an assessment of their application in different jurisdictions. The analysis identified key problems: the inconsistency of national legislation with international standards, the absence of unified criteria for the quality of legal assistance, insufficient protection of lawyers’ independence, and unequal access of citizens to qualified legal services. It was established that effective implementation of international requirements requires comprehensive measures, including legislative reform, expanded professional training of lawyers, and the creation of mechanisms for independent assessment of legal service quality. Addressing these issues will ensure a uniformly high level of legal assistance, strengthen human rights protection, and increase citizens’ trust in the legal system. Harmonization of international and national standards also contributes to the development of the rule of law and enhances the role of the legal profession in ensuring fair justice.

Annotation: This scientific and theoretical article presents a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the penal system of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of global trends in penitentiary policy. The authors investigate in detail the transformation process of the domestic model of punishment execution from the Soviet paradigm of «correction by labor» to international standards of resocialization and probation. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the law enforcement practice of the Criminal Executive Code of 2014, the effectiveness of the probation institution, the problems of employment of convicts through the RSE «Enbek» system, as well as issues of medical support following the transfer of functions to the Ministry of Health. Based on extensive empirical material, statistical data, and sociological research, systemic contradictions between legislative goals and actual conditions of serving sentences are identified. Issues of countering prison subculture, preventing religious extremism in places of detention, and the prospects for implementing cell-based detention are considered. The article contains scientifically grounded recommendations for improving legislation and law enforcement practice in order to minimize recidivism.

Annotation: The article examines the psychological aspects of adaptation and implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in the educational process of higher education. To identify psychological factors influencing the perception and acceptance of AI technologies by students and teachers. Include comparative analysis of domestic and foreign approaches, student questionnaires, observation, and expert interviews. The results of the study showed that the use of AI helps to increase students' learning motivation and self-regulation, provided they are psychologically prepared and trust digital technologies. However, the risks of increased anxiety and decreased internal motivation have been identified in the absence of emotional support and pedagogical support. Conclusion– the introduction of AI requires not only technical, but also psychological adaptation of all participants in the educational process.; It is important to form digital psychological competence as a new metacompetence of a modern teacher and student

Annotation: Dueto the increasingcapabilities of computersystems, the proliferation of information exponentially, and the total computerization of all fields of activity, the problem of human selfdeterminationin situations of highuncertainty is becoming relevant. Thisappliesnotonly to students and youth, butalso to allsubjects of professional activity. The greatest concern is expressed by researchersand teachers. Thedeepe rproblemis the lack of agreedcriteria for the systematization of informationand knowledge, and theiradequ ateapplicationin activities. To substantiate a methodological approachand a functionaldigital format for the systematization of informationand knowledge. The method of ascendingfrom the abstractto the concrete, the speculativelanguage of functionalsymbolicimages. As aresult of the analysis of somebasicin formationclassi fication systems (UDC, MRNTI, GRNTI, andothers), manyin consistencies and contradictions have been identified in the attributionof certainscientificande ducational disciplinesto natural sciences, humanities, andsocial sciences. The rationale for using the functional ontocell of the Higher Attestation Commission as a singlecriterion for the analysisandlogi calordering of allscientifi candeducationalknowledge, sciencesand disciplines is given. Systematization is provided through the use of a speculative language of functional and symbol icimages, which has the properties of functionality, constructive enessandlogic. Avariant of the systematization of sciencesandre levantacademic disciplines is given.

Annotation: The main problem of the study lies in the fact that the implementation of inclusion principles in the educational environment is hindered by the insufficient preparedness of teachers, lack of resources, and inadequate adaptation of the learning environment to the needs of children with special educational needs (SEN). The purpose of the article is to identify the main challenges in introducing inclusive practices and to outline the prospects for their further development in educational organizations. Research methods include theoretical analysis of literature and regulatory documents, comparative analysis of inclusive education practices, and synthesis of existing experience. The results obtained reveal key barriers to implementing inclusion and identify promising directions for its development, including improving teacher qualifications, enhancing learning conditions, and expanding support for children with SEN. The practical significance of the study is that its findings can be used to improve the educational environment, develop teacher training programs, and introduce effective inclusive practices in schools.

Annotation: The main problem: Currently, higher education in Kazakhstan is going through a period of unprecedented changes. Obviously, the main driver of these changes is the influence of innovative technologies in the educational process. Because innovative technologies have a number of advantages: they stimulate active learning; provide quick feedback; establish teacher-student contact; form "unconventional" thinking among students; encourage collaboration among students; encourage a variety of learning methods. Based on the above, we can understand that innovative technologies have radically changed the old "teach and learn" paradigm. In the new learning example, the role of the student is more important than that of the teachers. Objective: The goal of introducing innovative technologies is to prepare people for life in an ever-changing and developing society. Methods: Innovative technology – Bloom's taxonomy in teaching the discipline "Russian language". The article discusses topical issues related to the organization of an effective process of teaching Russian in higher education institutions. The authors consider a system of tasks for the development of critical thinking that contribute to the formation of foreign language communicative competence of university students using Bloom's taxonomy. Results and their significance: A system of tasks that develop critical thinking and contribute to the formation of foreign language communicative competence of university students is revealed. An analysis of the seminar session and theoretical materials in accordance with Bloom's taxonomy are presented

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of reading activity as a key mechanism for the formation of meaning and interpretation of a literary text. The relevance of the study is due to the need for a systematic analysis of the role of the recipient in the process of the literary work's existence, which corresponds to the modern trends in literary studies focused on receptive aesthetics and the theory of interpretation. Based on the prose of S.P. Shevchenko, the article analyzes specific forms and strategies of reader activity that allow one to move from the perception of linguistic signs to the construction of a holistic artistic picture. Special attention is paid to identifying the structural components of reading activity – cognitive, emotional, and associative – that determine the depth and nature of the author's chroniclehistorical prose. The paper examines mechanisms such as the reconstruction of historical context, ethical verification of the events described, and intertextual association, which relates to V. Iser's ideas about the "voids" of the text and the active role of the reader, as well as U. Eco's concept of the cooperative nature of interpretation. The paper distinguishes between the subjectivity of the reader's perception and the objective framework set by the poetics of chronicle narration, which allows for a description of the boundaries of acceptable interpretation. As a result of the study, the main models of interpretation of S. P. Shevchenko's prose texts are specified and typologized. It is proved that reading is not a passive act of perception, but a multi-level creative process that is integrated into the semantic structure of a work and determines the finalization of its artistic meaning.

Annotation: Employee retention in the hospitality industry is a crucial factor in maintaining service quality and business sustainability. This theoretical study aims to explore the role of career development and professional training in ensuring workforce stability in the hotel sector. The research is based on a comprehensive literature review and real-world case analysis, demonstrating that structured training programs, mentoring systems, and career planning initiatives contribute significantly to employee engagement and reduce staff turnover. The scientific value of this paper lies in its theoretical justification of implementing continuous career development as a strategic tool in human resource management. The findings highlight that a comprehensive approach to employee learning and growth leads to increased job satisfaction and long-term organizational commitment. The practical relevance of the study is evident in its potential to inform HR strategies within hotel organizations, particularly amid growing challenges related to staff shortages. The paper offers evidence-based recommendations for enhancing personnel stability through tailored learning systems and career progression pathways, which can be directly applied to improve operational efficiency and employee loyalty.

Annotation: The article provides a comprehensive study of the idiostyle and linguistic personality of Saken Seifullin as key factors in the formation of the national style of Kazakh literature in the 20th century. Based on an anthropocentric approach, the article reveals the multi-layered structure of the writer's idiostyle, which includes the lexical-semantic level, conceptual dominants, and pragmatic strategies of text generation. Special attention is paid to the ethnocultural origins of S. Seifullin's figurative system, which reflect the traditional worldview of the Kazakhs and the specifics of the steppe cultural space. The author analyzes the use of folklore elements, ethnographic vocabulary, symbols, mythopoetic images, and paremiological models, which provide a nationally marked poetics in his works. The work traces the interaction of folklore tradition and modernization trends, which allowed S. Seifullin to create an original artistic and linguistic system and make a significant contribution to the standardization of the literary language. The writer's role in shaping a new conceptual sphere of Kazakh literature based on the synthesis of cultural constants (el, zher, erkindik, enbek) and ideas of social renewal is revealed. It has been shown that S. Seifullin's idiostyle is an important link in the process of the formation of Kazakh literary speech, and his activities contributed to the strengthening of cultural and linguistic identity and the formation of stable figurative models of the national style. The article is of interest to researchers in the fields of linguistics, literary studies, ethnolinguistics, and cultural studies, and can also be used in educational practice when studying the history of the Kazakh language and literature.

Annotation: This article examines the political situation in the Ili region during the 18th–19th centuries. Since the second half of the 18th century, the Ili region became part of the Qing Empire, leading to the establishment of a complex military and administrative system. The study analyzes the formation of this system and the region’s strategic significance. To secure the Ili territory, the Qing authorities stationed troops composed of various ethnic groups and implemented strict border control and internal settlement policies. The main objective of the study is to explore the political, ethnic, and militaryadministrative history of the Ili region in the 18th–19th centuries and to reveal the influence and settlement processes of the Kazakh population in the area. Research methods include: historicalchronological method for systematizing the socio-political history of the region by stages; source analysis based on archival materials, statistical data from the Russian Empire, Qing imperial records, and official reports; comparative analysis utilizing studies by scholars from Kazakhstan, Russia, China, Europe, and the United States; archival and documentary method for analyzing written accounts about the Ili region; statistical analysis to examine ethnic composition, the ratio of sedentary to nomadic populations, and the quantitative characteristics of migration processes. The main tasks include describing the historical-geopolitical situation of the Ili region; clarifying the military and administrative structures of the Qing Empire in the area; identifying the causes and stages of Kazakh migration to Ili (1830–1871); characterizing the establishment, ethnic composition, and socio-political structure of the Ili Sultanate; and analyzing the agreements between the Russian and Qing empires concerning the sale and transfer of the Ili territory. The research findings show that the historical development of the Ili region from the fall of the Dzungar Khanate to the Qing colonial policy represents a significant stage in Central Asian history. Archival and documentary sources reveal the creation of the Ili General-Governorship, its administrative system, methods of governance, and colonial policies. The study also highlights the political and ethnic aspects of Kazakh and Kyrgyz resettlement in the region. The article was prepared within the framework of the Targeted Financing Program of theMinistry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan “Multilateralcooperation between Central Asia and China: from the early stages of interaction to strategicpartnership” IRN: BR24993008.