Annotation: The main Problem: The Republic of Kazakhstan has a significant number of single-industry towns (monotowns) that were created based on backbone enterprises during the intensive industrialization period when the country joined the Soviet Union. These towns have faced diverse economic conditions, with some thriving and others struggling due to their reliance on a single industry. The development and economic sustainability of these towns are central issues for the country's regional development. Purpose: This article examines the economic situation of single-industry towns in Kazakhstan, focusing on their development trends, the status of key industries, and the challenges they face. It aims to assess the potential for improving the socio-economic conditions of these towns and identify key policies for their future growth. Methods: The article employs analytical methods, using both qualitative and quantitative data. The research is based on statistical analysis, including demographic trends, industrial outputs, and the structure of key enterprises. Additionally, the article reviews various government programs and strategies aimed at supporting the development of monotowns. Results, their Significance: The study finds that 70 % of the monotowns in Kazakhstan are economically stable, with industries such as mining, metallurgy, and energy generation playing a major role. However, 30 % of the towns face significant challenges, including economic stagnation and dependence on outdated infrastructure. The research suggests that revitalizing these towns requires a multifaceted approach, including investments in modernizing infrastructure, diversifying industries, and creating favorable conditions for entrepreneurship.

Annotation: The main problem: The purpose of the article is to describe the use of Extended Reality (Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Mixed Reality) in the field of Education and Health, and the opportunities XR technologies can offer to individuals to create new startups and new businesses. The article looks at the use on different field of business and education, the impact on the economy and society and how XR can help in the daily lives of vulnerable groups and the challenges they face in using these technologies. Purpose: Describe the use of Extended Reality (Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Mixed Reality) in the field of Education and Health, the opportunities and benefits XR technologies can offer to individuals and businesses, and the impact on the economy and society. Methods: The study was based on direct experience in the field and data collected during the research phase carried out for the implementation of various projects (including interviews with key stakeholder groups, XR researchers, XR company representatives, research studies, reading of success stories). Results and their significance: The research outcome is current knowledge of the use of XR in the field of Education and Health and the relative Business Opportunities

Annotation: Main Problem: The rapid growth of e-commerce in Uzbekistan presents challenges in business management, regulatory oversight, and the development of new operational models. Traditional regulatory and decision-making approaches are often inefficient in addressing the complexities of the digital economy. To enhance governance and improve market efficiency, the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) is essential. Objective: This article examines the potential of AI in Uzbekistan’s e-commerce sector to optimize business management, create innovative models, and enhance government regulation. The study focuses on developing mathematical models for predicting trends and generating alternative management decisions using a knowledge base and principles of product logic. Methods: The research employs mathematical modeling techniques to design AI-driven predictive tools. These models utilize a knowledge base and product logic principles to support automated decision-making. Additionally, AI applications in state regulation are analyzed to evaluate their impact on market monitoring, violation detection, and administrative efficiency. Results and Their Significance: The study highlights that integrating AI into e-commerce regulation can significantly enhance market oversight, improve the detection and prevention of violations, and streamline administrative procedures. The implementation of a knowledge base and product logic principles enables automation, leading to more accurate and efficient decision-making. Ultimately, the study proposes modern e-commerce management methods that strengthen governance, support strategic development, and enhance regulatory effectiveness. These advancements contribute to the growth of Uzbekistan’s digital economy, creating a more favorable environment for businesses and consumers.

Annotation: This article proposed one of the solutions to the important today problem of optimal organization of man-made deposits consisting of mining waste for their further processing. A project is presented to abandon the waste dump facility as the final technological stage of mining operations in favor of storage. The purpose of the project to replace the waste dump facility with storage is to attract additional funds received from the sale of mineral raw materials of man-made mineral deposits. As evidence of the profitability of the considered project of transition from waste dumping to storage of mining waste, a schedule of changes in the cost of overburden and stored rocks over several years was compiled. To conduct a more advanced objective assessment of the effectiveness of the proposed project, possible designs of quarry waste warehouses, their positive and negative aspects in formation and development were considered. The considered warehouse designs and their parameters are theoretically presented in the conditions of the JSC "Kachary ruda" and subjected to an economic assessment. In the process of this assessment, it was necessary and sufficient to take into account only the costs of the transition to the storage of mining waste.

Annotation: Modern distance education requires rapid development of unique educational materials that are of high quality from a methodological perspective. This task creates a significant workload for teachers and methodologists. The aim of the article is to evaluate the effectiveness and practical applicability of various artificial intelligence language models (GPT-4, Claude 3.5 Sonnet and Gemini) for creating educational content using B2 level English language materials as an example. Research methods include comparative analysis of the effectiveness of language models, development of a structured methodology for creating educational materials, and evaluation of generated content according to four key criteria: compliance with B2 level, methodological value, uniqueness of material, and educational potential. Within the framework of the research, a detailed course structure was developed covering all aspects of language learning: grammar, vocabulary, speaking, and speech perception. The research confirms the high efficiency of using artificial intelligence in creating educational materials. Key advantages include significant reduction in content development time, the ability to quickly generate unique materials, and flexibility in adapting to individual student needs. Of particular importance is the methodological variability of generated materials, allowing for the creation of various task formats for developing different language competencies. At the same time, the necessity of professional moderation and refinement of automatically generated materials is emphasized to ensure their maximum educational effectiveness.

Annotation: The main problem in the field under study is the inefficiency of the existing control over the implementation of migration legislation in Russia. This is manifested in the insufficient coordination of actions by various state bodies, the presence of corruption, the lack of resources for effective monitoring of migration processes, as well as the imperfection of existing information systems. All this leads to violations of the rights of migrants, the emergence of illegal migration, and a decrease in security levels. The goal of this research is to analyze the current state of migration legislation and the control over its implementation in Russia, as well as to identify the problems that hinder effective regulation of migration processes. Within this goal, the task is also set to develop proposals for improving the control system, enhancing cooperation between various state bodies, and implementing modern technologies. To achieve the set goal, methods of analyzing normative acts, statistical data, as well as comparative analysis of migration legislation in Russia and other countries were used. Systemic analysis methods were applied to identify the shortcomings of the current control system, and legal analysis methods were used to assess the effectiveness of existing mechanisms. During the research, monitoring and analysis of the work of state bodies involved in migration control were also conducted. The results of the study showed that migration legislation control in Russia faces a number of significant problems, including the inefficiency of information systems, insufficient staffing and financial resources, as well as the lack of proper coordination between various state bodies. One of the key issues is the high level of illegal migration and labor activity by migrants without official permits. An important result was the proposal to introduce innovative technologies to improve control, as well as strengthen cooperation between the prosecutor's office, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and other state bodies. These recommendations can significantly increase the effectiveness of monitoring migration processes, improve safety and legal protection of citizens, and also contribute to the better integration of legal migrants into Russian society.

Annotation: In Kazakhstan, a high level of corruption is observed, which significantly harms social and economic processes. Combating corruption requires a comprehensive approach, including anticorruption education, the development of public oversight, enhancing the digitalization of government processes, and creating effective mechanisms for protecting whistleblowers. Despite the measures taken, the effectiveness of anti-corruption policies remains a topic of discussion, as the existing approaches often prove insufficient. The goal is to explore modern strategies for forming an anti-corruption culture in Kazakhstan, assess the challenges and prospects of anti-corruption education, public oversight, and the digitalization of government processes. Furthermore, it aims to propose ways to improve anticorruption policies through the development of educational programs, strengthening the role of NGOs and media, and introducing whistleblower protection mechanisms. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on the experience of anti-corruption education and public oversight in Kazakhstan and abroad, as well as sociological data. Methods such as content analysis, comparative analysis of legislation, and analysis of statistics on corruption violations were applied. The process of forming an anti-corruption culture in Kazakhstan can be divided into several key areas: anti-corruption education, the development of public oversight, enhancing the role of media, and effective protection of whistleblowers. The research highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach that combines legal, educational, and social measures. An important conclusion is the need to change the approach to anti-corruption education, improve mechanisms for protecting rights defenders and whistleblowers, and further strengthen the digitalization of government processes, which will increase public trust in state institutions.

Annotation: In the context of digitalization and changes in the labor market in the Republic of Kazakhstan, there is a need to reform the regulation of labor relations. The country faces a number of problems, such as a high level of informal employment, frequent violations of labor rights, as well as insufficient legal protection for small business workers, freelancers, and self-employed individuals. The impact of digital technologies on the labor market requires the adaptation of legislation to new forms of employment, making the regulation of labor relations a relevant issue. The goal is to study the issues of regulating labor relations in Kazakhstan in the context of digitalization, assess the impact of new technologies on the labor market, and propose ways to improve labor legislation by creating new legal norms for remote work, protecting the rights of selfemployed individuals, and introducing digital mechanisms for the protection of labor rights. A comprehensive analysis was conducted of the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, international experience in regulating labor relations in the EU, the USA, and South Korea, as well as judicial practices and statistics on labor disputes. Methods of content analysis, comparative legal analysis, and analysis of data on current labor market issues were used. The results of the study highlight the need to adapt labor legislation to current conditions, including remote work and self-employment. International labor rights protection mechanisms, such as flexible labor contracts and electronic systems for resolving labor disputes, were considered. The study proposed recommendations for improving labor legislation, including the development of new legal norms for remote work and the creation of social guarantees for self-employed individuals. The implementation of digital mechanisms for the protection of labor rights will positively affect the development of the labor market in Kazakhstan and improve the social protection of workers.

Annotation: Constitutional guarantees of the legal status of individuals and citizens in the Republic of Kazakhstan, despite the presence of formal legal norms, face challenges in their implementation in real practice. The main difficulties lie in the imperfection of law enforcement practices, insufficient legal awareness among the population, as well as limitations arising from the political situation and institutional barriers. The aim of the study is to analyze the current constitutional guarantees of the legal status of individuals and citizens in Kazakhstan, identify existing problems in their implementation, and propose ways to improve the human rights situation in the country. The research employed an analysis of legal and normative acts, such as the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as international human rights documents. The methodological basis of the study is the comparative legal method to analyze international practice and normative-legal analysis of Kazakhstan's current legislation. Sociological research was also used to analyze the perception of citizens' rights and freedoms in real life. The results of the study showed that, despite the presence of a broad range of rights and freedoms enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, there are significant issues with their implementation in practice. The main issues include the imperfection of law enforcement practices, insufficient legal awareness of citizens, and the limited effectiveness of human rights bodies, such as the Ombudsman. It was also found that the political situation in the country affects freedom of expression and civic participation, limiting the full realization of citizens' rights. These results highlight the importance of improving the human rights protection system and the mechanism for implementing rights and freedoms. Enhancing legal literacy among the population, improving law enforcement practices, and strengthening institutional work in the field of human rights protection are essential steps for improving the legal protection of citizens in Kazakhstan. The importance of these results lies in the fact that they not only help understand the existing problems but also suggest ways to resolve them, which will contribute to improving the legal status of individuals and citizens in the country and increasing citizens' trust in state institutions.

Annotation: The main problem of the administrative responsibility institute in Kazakhstan is the insufficient differentiation of punishments and the uncertainty in the application of administrative sanctions. This leads to an overload of the judicial system and complicates the implementation of the principle of proportionality of punishment. Additionally, there is a low level of legal awareness and legal culture among citizens, which negatively affects the effectiveness of administrative responsibility. The purpose of this article is to analyze the development paths of the administrative responsibility institute in Kazakhstan, identify existing problems, and propose solutions to improve legislation and the practice of applying administrative sanctions. This includes increasing the differentiation of punishments, improving the enforcement mechanisms for sanctions, and enhancing the legal literacy of the population. Comparative, historical-legal, systemic, and regulatory-legal approaches were used to analyze the legislation, its development, and application in judicial practice. The analysis revealed several key problems, such as insufficient differentiation of punishments, uncertainty in the application of sanctions, and a low level of legal awareness among the population. These issues require a comprehensive approach to resolve, including continued reform of the regulatory framework, the introduction of alternative punishment measures, and strengthening educational initiatives. The significance of these results lies in their potential to improve the effectiveness of administrative responsibility, enhance citizens' legal consciousness, and ease the workload of judicial and law enforcement agencies. Improving the administrative responsibility institute in Kazakhstan contributes to strengthening the rule of law, increasing trust in government institutions, and improving the socio-economic situation in the country.