The article explores the importance of etymological analysis of lexical units as a method of studying nomination in a language. It examines how etymology helps to reveal the historical and cultural layers that influence the development of words, and highlights the role of the etymological approach in studying national identity and worldview. Through examples from the Kazakh and Russian languages, the article analyzes the processes of word meaning formation and their connection to cultural traditions. Attention is also paid to social changes and cultural transformations reflected in the language. The work highlights the importance of etymology not only for lexicology, but also for such disciplines as social anthropology, cultural studies, as well as its role in restoring historical memory and understanding cultural processes. The study demonstrates how etymological analysis can serve as a powerful tool for studying and preserving cultural identities, revealing the depth and diversity of historical and linguistic heritage.