The article is devoted to the study of the effectiveness of legal mechanisms for the protection of children's rights in family law relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of the modernization of state policy in the field of child protection. The relevance of the topic is determined by the persistent risks of family dysfunction, violence, and the insufficient effectiveness of preventive measures. To determine the level of effectiveness of the current system for the protection of minors’ rights and to identify directions for its improvement. The methodological basis of the research includes an analysis of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Law «On the Rights of the Child» the Code “On Marriage (Matrimony) and Family,” international treaties, as well as a generalization of judicial and administrative practice. The methods of systemic, comparative legal, and formal legal analysis were applied. It has been established that a comprehensive model for the protection of children's rights has been formed in the Republic of Kazakhstan, incorporating judicial, administrative, and preventive mechanisms. Liability for violence and bullying has been strengthened, and the institution of the Commissioner for Children’s Rights is developing. At the same time, problems have been identified, including insufficient coordination among authorities, the weak development of early prevention measures, and the limited awareness of minors about the ways to protect their rights. Increasing the effectiveness of the system is possible through strengthening interagency cooperation, developing preventive programs, and reinforcing the institution of the family as the key environment for ensuring the rights of the child.