The main Problem: The Republic of Kazakhstan has a significant number of single-industry towns (monotowns) that were created based on backbone enterprises during the intensive industrialization period when the country joined the Soviet Union. These towns have faced diverse economic conditions, with some thriving and others struggling due to their reliance on a single industry. The development and economic sustainability of these towns are central issues for the country's regional development. Purpose: This article examines the economic situation of single-industry towns in Kazakhstan, focusing on their development trends, the status of key industries, and the challenges they face. It aims to assess the potential for improving the socio-economic conditions of these towns and identify key policies for their future growth. Methods: The article employs analytical methods, using both qualitative and quantitative data. The research is based on statistical analysis, including demographic trends, industrial outputs, and the structure of key enterprises. Additionally, the article reviews various government programs and strategies aimed at supporting the development of monotowns. Results, their Significance: The study finds that 70 % of the monotowns in Kazakhstan are economically stable, with industries such as mining, metallurgy, and energy generation playing a major role. However, 30 % of the towns face significant challenges, including economic stagnation and dependence on outdated infrastructure. The research suggests that revitalizing these towns requires a multifaceted approach, including investments in modernizing infrastructure, diversifying industries, and creating favorable conditions for entrepreneurship.