The purpose of this work is disclosure of theoretical bases of formation and functioning of the integrated economic structures. Various approaches for the description of forms of manifestation of integration processes between subjects of managing are considered. The tendency of the strengthened diversification vertically - the integrated economic structures by strengthening of a technological chain from raw materials production before release of end products is described.

The study of the structure of matter is one of the main tasks of chemistry. The problem can be solved with the help of graph theory, which allowed us to find an unexpected way to solve our logical problem. Thus, the aim of our article was to master the theory of graphs for constructing the structural formulas of organic compounds. Prediction of chemical reactions, the possibility of systematization and study of the essence of basic chemical concepts, such as structure, configuration of atoms and molecules, confirmation, isomerism, and, undoubtedly, the quantum-mechanical basis of the interaction of molecules, all this is possible using chemical graphs. Graph theory allows a non-standard way to approach the problem of constructing the structural formulas of molecules of organic compounds.

The paper is devoted to solving logistics problems based on information technologies. Petri net-based modeling is proposed as a solution method. The paper describes solution of the problem of supply chain management based on the Petri net.

The article is devoted to the current problem of differential diagnosis of diseases of viral etiology in farm animals. Viral diseases are currently widespread, occupy a leading role in the infectious pathology of farm animals, causing enormous economic damage. Given the magnitude of animal vaccine prophylaxis, in order to increase the effectiveness of antiepizootic measures, the urgent issue i s the development of methods for the rapid and effective detection and differentiation of field and vaccine strains of the infectious rhinotracheitis virus in cattle. The possibility of using a polymerase chain reaction to identify and differentiate a vacc ine strain from epizootic strains and isolators of the cattle infectious rhinotracheitis virus is considered. In the process of research, a PCR-RFLP analysis method was developed to detect the IRT virus in the test material. The PCRRFLP analysis method was used to identify and differentiate the vaccine strain TK-A form epizootic strains and isolators of the cattle IRT virus. The principle of PCR, based on repeated repetition of DNA cycles, annealing and synthesis, which leads to an increase in the number of specific DNA fragments of the pathogen, allows you to take into account the results of PCR in an agarose gel. Analysis time is about 30 hours. The sensitivity of detecting viral DNA is 1-10 picograms (102 TCD). Due to characteristics such as relative simplicity and reaction rate, high sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility, PCR has recently become widespread in basic and applied research in various fields of biological science, including veterinary virology. The results obtained during the studies show that the use of PCR-RFLP allows to differentiate field and vaccine strains and isolates of the IRT virus with a high degree of reliability. The use of PCR -RFLP analysis increases the efficiency and informativeness of studies in the molecular epizootol ogy of cattle RTI, as it allows not only to identify the DNA of different virus strains regardless of their nature, but also to differentiate between them, including differentiating the strain TK-A used for the production of attenuated vaccines against epizootic strains and isolates of the virus.

The article analyzes the state and problems of cluster development in the real sector of the region based on the materials of the Pavlodar region. The main problem of innovative development of the Pavlodar region, as well as in all regions of Kazakhstan, in general, is the lack of innovative activity of enterprises, which is reflected in the volume, frequency and efficiency of their innovations. At the same time, most of the enterprises belonging to the real sector of the economy have sufficient resources for the development of innovative activity. However, the prospects for their interaction with enterprises in other sectors and sectors of the economy for the purpose of technology transfer are insignificant, which, in general, doesn’t meet the principles of balanced spatial development of the territory formulated by the program for the development of territories of the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2020. One of the ways to solve this problem is formation and development of a cluster approach and interaction of business entities. The article assesses the efficiency of the cluster’s functioning as an institution of regional development. On the example of the metallurgical cluster of Pavlodar region, the main ways and methods of forming cluster initiatives in the regional economy are considered, a SWOT analysis of the development of the metallurgical cluster of the region is given, and its main problems are identified; identifies priority directions of clusters’ development (metallurgical cluster, including the production of final products, the cluster of railway engineering, agri-food cluster), the realization of which in the region could create the conditions for the emergence and full development of a number of new highly specialized sectors such as cluster chemistry, cluster of road and construction machinery, transport logistics cluster, cluster of modern production technologies and engineering, cluster of manufacturing components for machinery and equipment and cluster of industrial electrical engineering and equipment for power engineering. The authors also noted that the realization of regional development strategies of cluster initiatives can potentially lay the foundations for clusters “future days”, such as: cluster of resource efficiency and environmentally processing, the cluster of new energy, the cluster of innovative medicine, tourism and recreational cluster.

When managing a filling station chain, it is necessary to solve the following tasks in dynamics: determining the volume of purchases by types of oil products sold and redistributing the available volume of various types of oil products to filling station chain. The peculiarity of this control task is that the replenishment of the storage of oil products is carried out centrally, and the sale of each type of fuel is carried out at separate filling stations of the network, that is, in many points. At the same time, the volume of each type of fuel sold by each station of the network should be taken into account separately, taking into account the seasonal demand for a specific oil product. In addition to modeling demand, information is needed on the volume of petroleum products that can be purchased from suppliers with the possibility of increasing or decreasing the volume of purchases due to demand. To solve this problem, a list of suppliers of a specific type of oil product with a possible range of supply volumes must be determined. In the proposed model, an attempt is made to solve the above problems. To solve them, a management model was developed, which was implemented using the Visual Studio C # programming environment and MS SQLServer DBMS. When developing the structure of the database tables, the task of managing a network of filling stations based on the Petri net was taken into account: that is, the database tables provided for storing information on the volumes of supplies of petroleum products, the volume of sales of each type of petroleum product, as well as the time of deliveries and sales. To solve the problem of centralized procurement for all types of fuel, the database provided tables with information about suppliers and possible volumes of supplies by them of various types of petroleum products. To solve the problems of forecasting demand, the model includes algorithms for predicting the volume of sales of petroleum products based on the accumulated time series of data for each type of fuel separately. The forecasting was carried out in order to assess the required volumes of purchases of oil products for the coming period. The prediction algorithms are implemented using two methods: linear approximation and exponential smoothing. Both algorithms take into account the seasonality of demand.

When solving project tasks, it is necessary to take into account the maximum number of possible solutions that contribute to the efficiency of the object. When analyzing the activity of multifunctional objects, such solutions are all the more important, since they allow, taking into account the specific features of the object, to make the most rational design decision, especially if these solutions are associated with the ability to solve environmental and energy-efficient problems. The decisions made can take into account both the operation of the object itself and the infrastructure that provides the solution with the necessary engineering solutions. The most difficult thing in making project decisions is to systematize the studied situations and analyze informative sources. Systematization of methods of pre-project analysis, generalization of the experience of project work on the example of designing a roadside service object. Wepropose forms that facilitate the structuring of information sources, as well as logical tables that give an idea of the specifics of the choice of positions and directions that allows quickly come to an understanding of how to implement project tasks. Awareness of the methods that allow organizing the logic and sequence of design processes in design and architectural design allows the author to identify the most important problems from his point of view and fit them into the range of design tasks. The search for answers to these problems is formed by ways of structuring information and displaying it in pictorial structures, where the word takes on the meaning of a specific symbol, in a chain of connections that determine the understanding of the integral process of functioning of the future object, taking into account all aspects of its activity.

This article discusses the current data on the biochemical properties of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus and their use in industry, particularly in dairy production and biotechnology. Microorganisms of the genus Lactobacillus have antagonistic activity against pathogenic microorganisms and perform an immunomodulatory function. The positive effect of lactobacilli on human health explains their active use in probiotics. The positive effects of normal intestinal microflora and probiotics are mainly due to bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. In probiotic therapy, various types of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus are used, such as: L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, L. fermentum, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, L. casei, L. paracasei. In recent years, the biotechnology of probiotics has been intensively developing - drugs used for the correction and prevention of microecological disorders in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. An urgent issue is obtaining new data on the biological properties of lactobacilli, creating new probiotic preparations based on them using modified approaches to cultivation. The results of determining the species L. acidophilus L. casei, L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei, obtained by the classical biochemical identification method based on saccharolytic activity, complicating species identification, are comparable to the molecular genetic method. In the case of L. casei, L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei, it is necessary to carry out modern identification methods based on the polymerase chain reaction, since their biochemical properties are similar, which makes it difficult to carry out species identification. The molecular genetic method is a valuable addition to the intergeneric and species identification of lactobacilli, given the variability of the classical biochemical method.