Annotation: The main problem: the article shows the importance of organizing an elective course in the section "electricity and magnetism" for profile training of students of the 10th grade of general secondary school. Since the topic is not fully mastered in the Allotted Hours in physics, the organization of an elective course is an urgent problem. These elective courses to some extent help the future graduate in choosing a profession, help to enter the University, deepening his knowledge. Purpose: analyzing the works of domestic and foreign scientists who conducted research within the framework of the topic, it became clear that today the demand for specialties related to physics is growing, and specialized training in physics should begin in the upper grades of the school. Methods: in order to determine the degree of demand for the elective course and what obstacles to the organization of the course, a survey was conducted, the results of a survey of students of grades 10-11 of School No. 138 in Shymkent and physics teachers of various secondary schools were shown. According to the results of the survey, the need to organize an elective course on the chapter "electricity and magnetism" was identified. It was reported that an elective course on the section "electricity and magnetism" was developed for the 10th grade. Results and their importance: by fulfilling these goals and Objectives, The Graduate can influence the choice of his direction. Not only to decide on a profession, but also to solve the problem of a shortage of hours, which is the main problem at the moment. The lack of hours for studying physics in high school can be compensated by the development of electives in Electrical Engineering, the main purpose of which is to solve professionally oriented tasks and perform professionally oriented laboratory work and projects.

Annotation: The growing influence of social media on the formation of public opinion, as well as on the dynamics of marketing strategies. In the context of the digitalization of the market, companies are forced to take into account new linguistic and cultural codes that are actively developing in the online environment. Analyze the language strategies and communication practices of social networks as a brand promotion tool, as well as to identify key factors of their effectiveness. The integrated use of such methods as content analysis, case method, audience interaction analysis, survey method, comparative analysis will provide a comprehensive approach to studying the role of social networks as a brand promotion tool through the analysis of both theoretical aspects and practical examples. Premium brands use restrained and sophisticated language, focusing on exclusivity and high quality, which contributes to the formation of the brand's image as a symbol of status and prestige. Mass brands use a more accessible and emotionally intense communication style, targeting a wide range of consumers and actively using social trends to increase audience engagement. Emotionally rich content plays a key role in increasing consumer engagement and loyalty, creating a deeper connection with the audience and increasing its engagement. Effective language strategies and well chosen communication practices on social media contribute to increased brand awareness and consumer loyalty.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of precedent texts as a mechanism for transmitting cultural values and historical context. The paper analyzes the role of precedent texts, including folklore, literary and historical works, in the preservation and transmission of moral, ethical and philosophical guidelines, as well as their functions as a “mirror of time” reflecting the key events and phenomena of the era. To identify the role of precedent texts, to determine their influence on the formation of collective experience and cultural identity. Methods of content analysis, semantic analysis, comparative analysis, as well as methods of interpretation and deconstruction of texts were used to analyze precedent texts. Special attention is paid to the process of adapting precedent texts in modern media and cultural contexts, their ability to keep in touch with the original meaning, while simultaneously actualizing in the public consciousness. The article also examines the interaction of precedent texts from different cultures in the context of globalization and its impact on local cultural codes.Using the examples of Kazakh and Russian folklore, it is shown how these texts serve as important tools for forming collective identity and strengthening social cohesion. The article is a contribution to the study of cultural memory, folklore and media culture.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of allusions as a stylistic device in modern newspaper headlines, due to the increasing role of intertextuality in the media space, the need to increase the expressivity of journalistic texts and the importance of studying cultural codes transmitted through the media. A comprehensive analysis of the functions, sources and classification of allusions, as well as determining the influence of the cultural context on their perception. This study used an integrated approach that includes the following methods: continuous sampling (with limitations), contextual analysis, intertextual analysis, cultural analysis, classification. Based on the analysis of newspaper headlines from a number of periodicals from 2018 to 2021, the article identifies the main sources of allusions: catch phrases from cinema and literature, phraseological units, folklore and journalistic texts. The transformation of donor texts from elite to mass culture is emphasized, which ensures their recognition by a wide audience. It is concluded that allusion is a powerful tool of cultural communication, providing a link between generations and reflecting the trends of popular culture. Successful decoding of allusions depends on the reader's background knowledge and requires the journalist to have a deep understanding of his audience.

Annotation: State regulation of the level and quality of life of the population is one of the key functions of any state aimed at creating conditions for stable economic growth, social justice and improving the welfare of citizens. Quality of life includes not only material well-being, but also access to education, health care, environmental cleanliness, justice and other public goods. This article considers the essence of state regulation, its main mechanisms, goals and objectives. A system of indicators is presented to assess the standard of living of the population. The purpose of this article is to analyze the essence of state regulation of the level and quality of life of the population, to study its main mechanisms, goals and objectives, as well as to assess their effectiveness in the context of ensuring social welfare, economic stability and sustainable development of society. System analysis, which allows us to consider the state regulation of the level and quality of life of the population as a complex process involving the interaction of various social, economic and political factors; comparative method to analyze the experience of different countries in the field of state regulation and its impact on the quality of life. The results of the study show that state regulation of the level and quality of life of the population has a significant impact on the socio-economic development of the country, improving the welfare of citizens and reducing social inequality. Effective use of state regulation tools, such as tax and social policy, measures to support health care, education and ecology, contributes to the achievement of stability and sustainable development of society.

Annotation: The article examines the topic as a whole and does not give advice on choosing web crowdfunding platforms, leaving interested parties the opportunity to conduct extensive research in search engines and assess the differences between different platforms. It should be noted that in this book, in addition to topics describing crowdfunding in general, there is a small "excursus" dedicated to crowdfunding in Kazakhstan, which you will find in the last chapter of the book. The article is intended for students of economic universities, aspiring young entrepreneurs, representatives of small businesses and the business world in general, in a special version that I wrote for Kazakhstan. In the article "Crowdfunding. Smart guide for small businesses, special version for young entrepreneurs from Kazakhstan" the following research methods were used: comparative analysis: a comparison of various crowdfunding models available on the world market is carried out; qualitative analysis: assessment of the applicability of crowdfunding in Kazakhstan, real examples and results are considered; Review of literature and empirical data: examination of existing information on crowdfunding in Kazakhstan and other countries. These methods help to structure the material for entrepreneurs and aspiring businessmen. This is not a reference book, but a simple text for those who want to get the first useful information about alternative financing methods to a traditional bank. The article contains tips to help you understand how the most common types of crowdfunding used by small and medium-sized enterprises and commercial startups work. If you are faced with the need to finance a new venture or business idea, production, or have heard about crowdfunding and want to learn more about it, this simple guide may be useful. This article describes in a simple way the main crowdfunding models currently available on the global market in order to give the reader the first useful idea of this innovative form of financing.

Annotation: One of the main ideas of this study is that the creation of a meaningful theory of crime in general, a conscientious study of the "crime problem" and the qualified application of knowledge to its solution is impossible without taking into account a huge number of factors that influence a person's life path at various levels: from the personal characteristics of the individual himself to factors related to his family, peers, school, neighbors, circle of acquaintances, culture and society as a whole. The formation of the personality of a criminal occurs at each stage of his formation in society, and an extremely important task is to identify and understand what exactly lies at the origins of the commission of a series of crimes, as well as what specifically prompted a serial criminal to commit his first crime, what could be the starting point for actions that resulted in the injury and (or) death of several to several dozen people. An attempt to consider the criminal behavior of serial criminals in the prism of a psychosocial approach - crime from a psychological point of view. Methods: The present study used the dialectical method, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, synchronous and diachronic comparison, historical method, as well as specific scientific methods: formal-legal, comparative-legal, etc. The study of this topic is a vital task for the whole society as a whole, since its well-being depends on it. "The problem of "maniacs" exists as long as civilization exists."

Annotation: Main problem: In a market economy and competition, the business reputation of legal entities becomes a critical factor for their stability and trust from partners and clients. In Kazakhstan, issues of protecting the business reputation of legal entities require further improvement in legislation. Purpose: Definition of the concept of business reputation of legal entities, analysis of the current state of legal protection of this institution in Kazakhstan and the formation of proposals to consolidate the definition of business reputation in the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Methods: The study was conducted using the following methods: review of legislation (analysis of the provisions of the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan and regulatory decisions of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan), comparative legal method (comparison of the legislation of Kazakhstan with the legal norms of other countries to identify general trends), formal legal method (definition of legal concepts and their characteristics). Results and their significance: The study showed that the business reputation of legal entities in Kazakhstan is recognized as a personal non-property benefit, but requires a clear regulatory definition. An analysis of legislation and judicial practice revealed the need to amend the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan to more fully reflect the essence and mechanisms for protecting business reputation. Specific recommendations are proposed to improve legal regulation, which helps to strengthen confidence in legal entities, increase investment attractiveness and stability of civil turnover in Kazakhstan. In particular, it is proposed to enshrine in the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan the following definition of the concept of business reputation of a legal entity: “a positive assessment of the entrepreneurial, social, professional or other activities of legal entities, which are carried out by such persons as participants in public relations.” The introduction of these changes will also help reduce the number of litigation related to business reputation and provide more effective protection of the rights of legal entities. Increasing the level of legal certainty and protection of business reputation will contribute to the development of a competitive environment and support for bona fide market participants

Annotation: In Kazakhstan, within the framework of the Program «Development of domestic value and export-oriented industries», new modern dairy enterprises are being actively modernized and new modern dairy enterprises are being created, where membrane processes are being introduced to concentrate the components of milk. This is necessary for the rational and integrated use of raw materials, including through the processing of secondary resources, the main of which is whey. Improving the production processes of traditional food products and developing innovative ones is possible only with the use of the latest technologies and technological equipment. Membrane processes are widely used for the use of fractionation and concentration of liquid dairy products, which allows for a new solution to the processing of raw materials and opens up opportunities in the development of new types of food products. The article is devoted to the issue of production and processing of whey in Kazakhstan. The main types of membrane technologies and the advantages of their use in the dairy industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan are considered. The role of membrane technologies in the processing of whey is substantiated, various methods of introducing membrane processing methods to ensure the demineralization of whey, obtaining products with high biological value and consumer properties, reducing the cost of energy carriers, reducing the volume of raw materials in order to save transport costs, non-waste processing of milk solids are described. , recycling water

Annotation: As part of solving the priority tasks set in the Address of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, a significant role is given to the development of the food industry, including dairy products. Big tasks are to be solved by branch science in the field of processing raw materials of plant and animal origin using the achievements of bio- and nanotechnologies to improve the quality, biological, nutritional value and food safety. New approaches are needed to organize the complex processing of plant and animal raw materials in order to improve the economic, social and environmental aspects of the production itself, as well as the life of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Despite the extensive range of processed cheeses, it is constantly updated. This is due to the need to meet the requirements of nutritional science, changing consumer demand, as well as the availability of raw materials and considerations of the profitability of a particular type of cheese. The working hypothesis of the research was the assumption that for the melting of raw materials it is possible to use reagents that affect the active acidity of the medium, stabilize the structure, bind moisture and improve the consistency and organoleptic characteristics of the finished product. The article is devoted to the issue of the process of melting rennet cheeses. The purpose of the article is to show that the melting process is closely related to different forms of raw material protein micelles. In this article, the influence of the type and amount of melting salt on the formation of the structure of processed cheese is considered, the rheological indicators of experimental products are determined in accordance with the scoring of processed cheeses. The indicator of water activity (аw) was established, the microbiological parameters of the experimental products were determined