Annotation: Despite the active development of microfinance organizations (MFOs) in Kazakhstan, the issues of high interest rates, insufficient regulation, risks of excessive indebtedness of the population, as well as poor accessibility of microfinance services for the rural population and small entrepreneurs remain unresolved. Objective to analyze modern trends in the development of the microfinance sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan, to identify key problems and propose directions for its further improvement, taking into account international experience and the socio-economic conditions of the country. Te work used methods of system analysis, as well as generalization and interpretation of statistical and regulatory data. The assessment of trends was carried out on the basis of data from the Agency for Regulation and Development of the Financial Market and other official sources, taking into account international experience in the development of microfinance. The study identified key trends in the sector, including digitalization of financial services, growth of the client base and increasing government regulation. It was found that microfinance organizations are beginning to play a more significant role in ensuring financial inclusion. At the same time, there remains an imbalance in the territorial availability of microloans and risks of social instability associated with the growth of the population's debt burden. The results obtained allow us to form an objective picture of the state of the sector and identify areas of its potential growth and vulnerability. The research materials can be used in the process of developing public policy in the field of microfinance, as well as in forming development strategies for microfinance organizations. They are also of interest for scientific research aimed at studying tools for increasing financial accessibility and sustainability of credit systems.

Annotation: The agrarian sector of the economy faces a number of systemic problems such as dependence on natural and climatic factors, insufficient technological equipment, and limited access to financing, which hinder sustainable development and productivity growth. Furthermore, mechanisms for state support and innovation stimulation are not fully developed, leading to decreased competitiveness of agricultural enterprises in domestic and international markets. The aim of this study is to analyze the main economic problems of the agrarian sector, identify their causes, and propose recommendations to improve economic policy and support instruments in the industry. The research employs comparative methods, a systemic approach, and an analysis of the regulatory and legal framework to assess the condition of the agrarian sector, its resource potential, and operational efficiency. The analysis revealed that the key issues in the agro-sector are high dependence on natural factors, a lack of investments and innovations, as well as imperfections in the state regulation system. The introduction of modern technologies, infrastructure development, and the creation of more transparent support mechanisms can enhance the resilience and competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex. Implementing these measures will contribute to food security, employment growth, and economic development of the regions. The significance of these results lies in enabling a comprehensive approach to the development of the agrarian economy, aimed at increasing its efficiency and adapting to contemporary challenges, which is crucial for the stable socio-economic development of the country.