Annotation: In the context of digital transformation in the Republic of Kazakhstan, artificial intelligence technologies are increasingly used in public administration and the private sector. Their application involves large-scale automated processing of personal data, which creates additional legal risks for the realization of constitutional rights. The current legislation does not fully take into account the specific features of algorithmic decision-making and profiling. To analyze existing legal guarantees for personal data protection in the use of artificial intelligence technologies and to identify directions for improving the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study applies formal legal analysis of regulatory acts, a systemic approach, and elements of legal modeling. It is established that the current regulatory framework provides basic guarantees for personal data protection; however, it requires clarification in the context of automated decision-making and algorithmic processing.

Annotation: The presented fundamental research is devoted to a comprehensive theoretical and practical analysis of the mechanisms for ensuring the procedural rights of individuals involved in the orbit of criminal prosecution in the status of suspects and accused within the legal system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the context of the phased implementation of a three-tier model of criminal justice, the reform of national legislation, and the total digitalization of legal proceedings, the issues of strict observance of constitutional guarantees of the individual acquire existential significance for building a state based on the rule of law. The article examines in detail the key systemic defects and collisions in the implementation of the right to qualified defense, the excessive use of repressive preventive measures, as well as barriers to accessing fair justice. Special attention is paid to a deep comparative legal analysis of the large-scale changes expected in 2025–2026 in the procedural legislation of neighboring states (the Russian Federation), which allows identifying strategic vectors for the development of regional legal doctrine and proposing scientifically sound ways to implement best practices into the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan (CPC RK). Conceptual and systemic proposals are formulated for improving procedural institutions in order to ensure genuine, rather than declarative, adversarial proceedings and absolute equality of the parties in the criminal process.

Annotation: The digital transformation of the education system is accompanied by the active introduction of artificial intelligence technologies into the educational environment. Intelligent digital systems are used to analyze educational data, personalize learning, and optimize the educational process. At the same time, their application requires consideration of the psychological characteristics of learners and the pedagogical conditions of the functioning of the digital educational environment. In this regard, the study of psychological and pedagogical factors ensuring the effective use of artificial intelligence technologies in educational practice becomes particularly relevant. The purpose of the study is to identify and substantiate the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the effective use of artificial intelligence technologies in the digital educational environment. Materials and methods. The study employed methods of analysis of scientific literature, generalization of domestic and international experience in the implementation of intelligent educational systems, as well as analysis of practices of using digital platforms and elements of artificial intelligence in the university’s digital educational environment. Results. The study identified psychological and pedagogical conditions that ensure the effective application of artificial intelligence technologies in the educational process. These include the digital competence of teachers and students, pedagogical integration of intelligent systems into the structure of learning activities, adaptation of educational content, and the formation of a psychologically supportive digital educational environment. The role of intelligent systems in increasing students’ cognitive activity, developing their independence, and optimizing educational interaction in the digital environment has been substantiated. Conclusion. The obtained results clarify scientific ideas about the possibilities of using artificial intelligence technologies in education and can be used in the development of models of the digital educational environment, as well as in the organization of psychological and pedagogical support for students in the context of the digitalization of education.

Annotation: The main problem of the study lies in the fact that the implementation of inclusion principles in the educational environment is hindered by the insufficient preparedness of teachers, lack of resources, and inadequate adaptation of the learning environment to the needs of children with special educational needs (SEN). The purpose of the article is to identify the main challenges in introducing inclusive practices and to outline the prospects for their further development in educational organizations. Research methods include theoretical analysis of literature and regulatory documents, comparative analysis of inclusive education practices, and synthesis of existing experience. The results obtained reveal key barriers to implementing inclusion and identify promising directions for its development, including improving teacher qualifications, enhancing learning conditions, and expanding support for children with SEN. The practical significance of the study is that its findings can be used to improve the educational environment, develop teacher training programs, and introduce effective inclusive practices in schools.

Annotation: Main Problem: Modern schools face the challenge of balancing globalization with the preservation of national identity. High school students are increasingly exposed to diverse cultural influences, which can weaken their sense of national dignity and belonging. Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze how school culture can be transformed to strengthen the formation of national dignity among high school students. Specifically, it seeks to: Identify the cultural and educational factors influencing students’ sense of national dignit Method: .Analysis of theoretical works on school culture, civic education, and national identity. Survey and Interviews: Collection of data from teachers, students, and parents regarding perceptions of national dignity.Case Studies: Observation of schools implementing cultural and patriotic programs.Content Analysis: Review of curricula, extracurricular activities, and school policies related to national identity. Resultsand their significance: School culture significantly influences the development of national dignity among students. Programs that integrate cultural heritage, language, and traditions into daily school life foster stronger civic identity. Students exposed to inclusive and value-oriented school environments demonstrate higher levels of respect for national symbols and traditions. Teacher training and parental involvement are critical factors in sustaining this transformation.

Annotation: This article examines the psychological and pedagogical features of winter swimming (morzhovanie) in the extreme climatic conditions of the Pavlodar Irtysh region. Pavlodar Irtysh is characterized by a harsh, sharply continental climate, which many consider a risk factor. The problem of strengthening the health of the population in regions with severe climatic conditions remains highly relevant in the modern scientific and applied agenda. Northern regions of Kazakhstan are characterized by long winter periods, significant negative air temperatures, and pronounced wind activity. Prolonged exposure to cold is traditionally considered an unfavorable environmental factor, increasing the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. At the same time, in recent years there has been a stable increase in interest in natural methods of hardening the body. One of the most radical and controversial methods is winter swimming (morzhovanie) – a short-term immersion in water with a temperature close to zero during the winter period. Objective: To scientifically justify the features of morzhovanie in the conditions of the Pavlodar Irtysh region and determine its effect on the human body, taking into account regional specifics. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to characterize the climatic features of the region, analyze the physiological responses of the body to cold stress, identify potential benefits and risks of winter swimming, and determine the social significance of this movement. Methods: Theoretical methods, clinical-physiological methods, psychophysiological methods, pedagogical and sociological methods, experimental methods (questionnaire, observation, and expert interviews).

Annotation: Modern enterprises operate under conditions of high uncertainty, where the unpredictability of emerging threats can lead to significant losses, transition into a zone of instability, and bankruptcy. The primary challenge is the necessity to shift from reactive to proactive management, as the negative impact of internal and external environmental factors directly undermines the long-term prospects of business development. To substantiate the importance of timely identification and comparative analysis of economic security threats as a fundamental condition for ensuring the continuous operation and sustainable development of an enterprise in the long term. To achieve the stated objective, the study employs methods of systemic and comparative analysis, tools for financial and strategic forecasting, as well as methods for risk identification and crisis monitoring of the organization's internal and external environments. The study substantiates that the stability of an enterprise in modern conditions directly correlates with the effectiveness of the monitoring system and the ability of management to identify crisis situations at the early stages of their occurrence. It is established that regular comparative analysis of threats and the implementation of forecasting tools not only minimize the risks of serious financial losses and bankruptcy but also create a reliable foundation for long-term strategic planning. The practical significance of the work lies in confirming that high personnel qualification in the field of economic security and the proactive elimination of negative internal and external factors are key determinants for maintaining competitiveness and ensuring the continuous functioning of an organization under conditions of market instability.

Annotation: Despite the significant resource potential of Kazakhstan’s rural territories, their contribution to sustainable economic growth remains limited due to infrastructure deterioration, technological backwardness, declining rural population, and insufficient investment activity. These factors create structural barriers to the development of the agro-industrial complex and exacerbate regional disparities. The study examines the role of rural territories as a determinant of Kazakhstan’s sustainable economic growth, identifies key macroeconomic trends in the agricultural sector for the period 2015– 2024, and outlines effective directions of state support aimed at enhancing the competitiveness of the agricultural economy. The research employs comparative and statistical analysis, graphical modeling, and structural-functional and systems approaches. Aggregated macroeconomic data were used, including indicators of rural population dynamics, investment in the agro-industrial complex, the share of agriculture in GDP, and the contribution of rural territories to the national economy. The findings show that despite the decline in the rural population, the contribution of rural territories to GDP and the share of the agro-industrial complex demonstrate a stable upward trend. This dynamic is associated with rising labor productivity, technological modernization, and increased investment inflows. The analysis confirms that investment serves as a key driver of structural transformation in agriculture, generating a cumulative effect through improved efficiency, development of logistics infrastructure, and the introduction of innovations. Major barriers to rural development were identified, and policy measures aimed at strengthening food security, fostering cooperation, advancing digitalization, and enhancing regional economic resilience were proposed. The results confirm the strategic importance of rural territories in ensuring Kazakhstan’s long-term sustainable economic growth.

Annotation: In the context of the global transition to sustainable development and the «green» transformation of the global economy, Kazakhstan is actively implementing the principles of a green economy aimed at reducing its carbon footprint, rational use of natural resources and improving the environmental efficiency of production. At the same time, such changes are accompanied by profound structural shifts in the labor market, including the redistribution of jobs between traditional carbonintensive sectors and environmentally oriented industries, increasing demands on professional competencies and the emergence of new forms of employment. These processes require a comprehensive adaptation of the employment system, educational infrastructure, retraining programs and social support. In particular, the involvement of vulnerable groups of the population – youth, women, rural populations – in new «green» sectors is of particular importance, which contributes to the expansion of social inclusion and the reduction of territorial and demographic imbalances. Thus, the transformation of the labor market, taking into account environmental, technological and social factors, becomes a key condition for ensuring sustainable economic growth, the formation of an inclusive and adaptive labor market, as well as Kazakhstan's successful transition to a green and sustainable economy model. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of the development of the green economy in the Republic of Kazakhstan on the transformation of the labor market and the processes of social inclusion, as well as to identify key areas for the formation of new jobs and professional competencies in the context of sustainable development. The results and their significance: The study identified key trends in the transformation of Kazakhstan's labor market in the context of the development of a green economy, including the formation of new «green» jobs, changes in employment structure and increasing demands on professional competencies. The role of the green economy as a factor in expanding social inclusion through the involvement of youth, women and other vulnerable groups in new sectors of the economy is substantiated. The practical significance of the results lies in the possibility of their use in the development of public policies in the field of employment, education and sustainable development, as well as in the adjustment of educational programs and measures to actively support the labor market.

Annotation: The main problem: The purpose of this article is to introduce the research and study discipline of economic psychology in relation to its theoretical development on economic choices and decisions and individual economic behaviour. Objective: Describe the birth and fundamental characteristics of the discipline of Economic Psychology related to economic choices and decisions. In addition, we want to provide arguments on the difficult and complex relationship between economics and psychology because Psychology and economics have very different approaches to the study of the choices and decisions of firms and individuals. Methods: The main method used for the development of this research is both deductive and inductive, i.e. a use of both classical research tools. The line followed is that of analysis made through historical context in which the discipline of economic psychology has developed. The research is based both on the analyses and study of the numerous books and article. Results and their significance: The research is an introduction to the fundamentals of the Economic Psychology.